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anatomy > neurons > Flashcards

neurons Flashcards

1
Q

what is sensory input

A

sensory receptors in the skin and organs that send signals to the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

what is integration

A

the brain and spinal cord signal appropriate responses for interpreting information

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3
Q

what is motor output

A

the electrical impulses from the brain and spinal cord travel to the effectors

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4
Q

what does the central nervous system (CNS) consist of ?

A

the brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

what does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of ?

A

the cranial and spinal nerves

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6
Q

what are the peripheral nervous system’s two divisions ?

A

afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)

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7
Q

what are the two types of cells nervous tissue is made up of ?

A

neurons and neuroglia

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8
Q

what is the function of a neuron ?

A

transmit electrical impulses

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9
Q

what are the three main body parts of a neuron ?

A

cell body, dendrites, and axon

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10
Q

what does the cell body contain ?

A

the nucleus and cell organelles

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11
Q

what are short branched extensions that receive sensory information from sensory receptors or other neurons

A

dendrites

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12
Q

what part of the neuron conducts nerve signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands

A

axon

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13
Q

are neurons amitotic or mitotic

A

amitotic

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14
Q

what is a bundle of parallel axons in the peripherial nervous system

A

a nerve

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15
Q

what is a bundle of axons in the central nervous system ?

A

a tract

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16
Q

where will you find myelin ?

A

on an axon

17
Q

what is myelin ?

A

a lipid covering that insulates the axon

18
Q

what color is myelin ?

A

white

19
Q

what are the gaps in myelin called ?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

20
Q

what do the Nodes of Ranvier do ?

A

increase the conduction of speed of the nerve signal

21
Q

what part(s) of the neuron are unmyelinated ?

A

cell body and dendrites

22
Q

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is what type of disease ?

A

autoimmune

23
Q

what do the antibodies in MS produce ?

A

lymphocytes

24
Q

what do lymphocytes detect as something that shouldn’t be in the body in a person with MS ?

A

myelin

25
Q

what does lymphocytes attacking myelin cause ?

A

inflammation and destruction of myelin in the CNS

26
Q

what happens when insulation around the axon is destroyed ?

A

scar tissue is formed

27
Q

cell bodies, dendrites, and unmeylinated axons are all ___ matter ?

A

gray matter

28
Q

meylinated axons are ____ matter ?

A

white matter

29
Q

what cells help regenerate axons ?

A

schwan cells

30
Q

what cells are not capable of helping with regeneration of the CNS neurons ?

A

oligodendrocytes

anatomy (7 decks)

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