neurons Flashcards
what is sensory input
sensory receptors in the skin and organs that send signals to the brain and spinal cord
what is integration
the brain and spinal cord signal appropriate responses for interpreting information
what is motor output
the electrical impulses from the brain and spinal cord travel to the effectors
what does the central nervous system (CNS) consist of ?
the brain and spinal cord
what does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of ?
the cranial and spinal nerves
what are the peripheral nervous system’s two divisions ?
afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)
what are the two types of cells nervous tissue is made up of ?
neurons and neuroglia
what is the function of a neuron ?
transmit electrical impulses
what are the three main body parts of a neuron ?
cell body, dendrites, and axon
what does the cell body contain ?
the nucleus and cell organelles
what are short branched extensions that receive sensory information from sensory receptors or other neurons
dendrites
what part of the neuron conducts nerve signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands
axon
are neurons amitotic or mitotic
amitotic
what is a bundle of parallel axons in the peripherial nervous system
a nerve
what is a bundle of axons in the central nervous system ?
a tract
where will you find myelin ?
on an axon
what is myelin ?
a lipid covering that insulates the axon
what color is myelin ?
white
what are the gaps in myelin called ?
Nodes of Ranvier
what do the Nodes of Ranvier do ?
increase the conduction of speed of the nerve signal
what part(s) of the neuron are unmyelinated ?
cell body and dendrites
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is what type of disease ?
autoimmune
what do the antibodies in MS produce ?
lymphocytes
what do lymphocytes detect as something that shouldn’t be in the body in a person with MS ?
myelin
what does lymphocytes attacking myelin cause ?
inflammation and destruction of myelin in the CNS
what happens when insulation around the axon is destroyed ?
scar tissue is formed
cell bodies, dendrites, and unmeylinated axons are all ___ matter ?
gray matter
meylinated axons are ____ matter ?
white matter
what cells help regenerate axons ?
schwan cells
what cells are not capable of helping with regeneration of the CNS neurons ?
oligodendrocytes
