Neurone structure

Question 1

What is the human nervous system split into?

Answer 1

central nervous system

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 2

What’s the central nervous system made up of?

What’s the peripheral nervous system made up of?

Answer 2

brain, spinal cord, and relay neurons

cranial,spinal, peripheral nerves

sensory and motor neurons

Question 3

What’s the peripheral nervous system split into?

Answer 3

Autonomic nervous system (communicates with internal organs and glands)

Somatic nervous system (communicates with sense organs and voluntary muscles)

Question 4

What division is the autonomic nervous system split into?

Answer 4

Sympathetic division (arousing)

Parasympathetic division (calming)

Question 5

What systems is the Somatic nervous system split into?

Answer 5

Sensory (afferent)
nervous system (sensory input)
———————————————–

Motor (efferent)
nervous system (motor output)

Question 6

What do neurons carry?

What are neurons a means of?

Answer 6

electrochemical changes called nerve impulses

conveying information over large distances within the body

Question 7

in which direction does the propagation of a nerve impulse occur?

Answer 7

from the cell body to the rest(forgot what was the end part called)

Question 8

What’s the cell body of a neuron?

What does it contain a large amount of and why?

Answer 8

Contains the nucleus

a large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum to produce large
amounts of protein – particularly NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Question 9

What’s the dendron of the neuron?
What is their function?

Answer 9

These are extensions of the cell body.

These ‘collect’ nerve impulses and carry them towards the cell body

Question 10

what is the axon of the neuron
what is its function?

Answer 10

This is the single, long fibre that runs the length of the neurone

It carries the nerve impusle away from the cell body, propagating it from one place to another

Question 11

What is the Schwan cells of the neurons?

What are its functions?(3)

Answer 11

• They are a form of protection for certain types of neuron.
• They also provide electrical insulation.
• Finally, they can aid in the regeneration of damaged axons.

Question 12

What is the Myelin Sheath of the neurons?

What is the advantage of the myelin sheath?

Answer 12

Myelinated neurons carry nerve much faster than unmyelinated ones.

Question 13

What are the Nodes of Ranvier of the neurons?

Answer 13

These are gaps between adjacent Schwann Cells.

They are therefore areas with no myelin sheath

Question 14

What are the 3 main types of nerve cells?

Answer 14

sensory neuron
motor neuron
relay neuron

Question 15

What do sensory neurons do?

What physical difference does it have?

Answer 15

These transmit nerve impulses from a receptor to the central nervous system or an intermediary neuron

Their cell body usually appears to be an
extension of the axon.

Question 16

What do relay neurons do?

What physical difference does it have

what advantage does it have?

Answer 16

The transmit impulses between other neurons, for example, between sensory and motor neurons

They have lots of dendrites at
both sides
—————————————————–
to propagate an impulse between two neurons

Question 17

What do motor neurons do?

What physical difference does it have

Answer 17

These usually have a long axon and many short dendrites

Question 18

What’s the reflex arc?

Answer 18

a completely involuntary response, you do not think about it, you do not think about alternative actions.

Question 19

1-Stimulus:
2-Receptor:
3-Sensory Neuron:
4-Coordinator:
5-Motor Neuron:
6-Effector:
7-Response:
(DO NEED TO DO THIS BUT FEEL FREE TO DO IT MAHRAN)

Answer 19

1-Change to the environment (external).

2-Detects the stimulus.

3-Sends a message to the spinal cord.

4-Links SN and MN in the spinal cord.

5-Sends a message to a body muscle.

6-Body muscle (striated muscle usually).

7-Action resulting from the stimulus.

Question 20

what are the advantages of reflexes?
what is the importance of reflexes?

Answer 20

rapid
doesn’t have to be learned
————————————–
fast
automatic
balance
reduce damage