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Topics in medical biosciences > Neuronal communication > Flashcards

Neuronal communication Flashcards

1
Q

What is the brain area damaged in Alzheimer’s

A

Hippocampus

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2
Q

What is the site of damage in Parkinson’s

A

Substantia nigra

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3
Q

What connects the two halves of the brain

A

Corpus callosum

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4
Q

What can removal of the prefrontal lobe cause

A

Unawareness of danger

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5
Q

What can removal of the frontal lobe cause

A

Aggression

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6
Q

What can removal of the thalamus cause

A

Amnesia

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7
Q

What is the role of SNARE complex

A

Links vesicle to plasma membrane for release of neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft

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8
Q

What are they proteins involved in the SNARE complex

A

Synapotbrevin - vSNARE on vesicle binds tSNARE and SNAP-25
Syntaxin - plasma membrane of neuron
SNAP-25 - 3 proteins keeping vesicle close to membrane but preventing fusion

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9
Q

What fully activates the SNARE complex

A

Ca2+ binding to synaptotagmin

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10
Q

What are the two neurotransmitter types

A

Classical and Non-classical

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11
Q

Name examples for each type of classical neurotransmitter

A

Inhibitory: GABA hyperpolarising
Excitatory: Glu in brain, Ach for motor neurons
Catecholamine: serotonin, dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline

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12
Q

Name non-classical neurotransmitters

A

NO, growth factors

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13
Q

What protein is responsible for vesicle recycling

A

Clathrin endocytosis `

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14
Q

What are the 4 types of vesicles

A

Small synaptic
Large Dense Core Vesicles
Releasable pool
Reserve pool

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15
Q

Which phases of vesicle movement require vesicle transport

A

Docking
Priming
Exocytosis
Endocytosis and recycling

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of plasma membrane Ca2+ channels

A

VGCC
Ligand-operated e.g. NMDAR
ORAI, activated when ER Ca2+ depletes

17
Q

2 Glu operated calcium channels

A

NMDAR and AMPAR

18
Q

Store operated Ca2+ channel example

A

ORAI allows Ca2+ into ER

19
Q

What is the role of microdomains in neurons

A

Changing Ca2+ levels are kept very local
Allow Ca2+ to have multiple highly specialised functions within different synapses

20
Q

How are microdomains maintained

A

Ca2+ binding proteins buffer background Ca2+ concentrations

21
Q

What is the most abundant Ca2+ binding protein

A

Calmodulin

22
Q

What is the role of Ca2+ as a second messenger

A

Bind to protein targets to influence their action

23
Q

Difference between ionotropic and metabotropic receptors

A

Ionotropic: simple, binding allows cations in
Metabotropic: G-protein dependent, slower action, second messengers

24
Q

Roles of Ca2+ as second messenger to calmodulin

A

Neurotransmission
Exocytosis
Gene expression: CREB
Cytoskeleton motility
Apoptosis regulation

25
Q
A

Topics in medical biosciences (3 decks)

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