Neuron and synaptic transmission

Question 1

Sensory neurone

Answer 1

Carry messages from the PNS to the CNS. They have long dendrite and short axons

Question 2

Relay neurone

Answer 2

Connect sensory neurones to the motor neurone . They have short dendrites and short axons

Question 3

Motor neurone

Answer 3

Connect the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands. They have short dendrites and long axons

Question 4

cell body

Answer 4

Includes a nucleus which contains the genetic material of the cell.

Question 5

Dendrites

Answer 5

Branch like structures which carry nerve impulses from neighbouring neurones towards the cell body.

Question 6

Axon

Answer 6

carries impulses away from the cell body down the length of the neurone

Question 7

Myelin sheath

Answer 7

protects the axon and speeds up the electrical transmission of impulses

Question 8

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 8

Speed up transmission as impulses jump across gaps along axon

Question 9

Terminal buttons

Answer 9

Communicate with the next neurone

Question 10

How does a neurone fire

Answer 10

Neurone is in resting state but when stimulus in detected an action potential occurs which creates an electrical impulse.

Question 11

synaptic transmission

Answer 11

Electrical impulse reaches end the presynaptic terminal and it triggers the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles

Question 12

Neurotransmitters

Answer 12

Chemicals which diffuse across the synapse to the next neurone. It then binds to receptors on post synaptic membrane and is converted into an electrical impulse.

Question 13

Excitation

Answer 13

Neurotransmitter increases positive charge of post synaptic neurone it increases the likelihood that the neurone will fire and pass on electrical impulses

Question 14

Inhibition

Answer 14

when a neurotransmitter make the charge negative of post synaptic neurone it decreases the likelihood that the neurone will fire and pass on electrical impulses