Neuron and Glial Morphology Flashcards
What are the functional classes of neurons?
- Principal neurons
- Interneurons
- Excitatory neurons
- Inhibitory neurons
- Motor and sensory neurons
- Cental and peripheral neurons
Principal neurons have long axons that can be sent out
Interneurons have short axons that are more localized
What information is contained in the posterior spinal cord?
Sensory information
Mnemonic: I can sense when the postal comes
What information is contained in the anterior spinal cord?
Motor
Mnemonic: Ants can lift a motorcycle
Grey matter
Identify:
1) Representation/composition
2) Location
- Cell bodies
- Central or deep
White matter
Identify:
1) Representation/composition
2) Location
- Axons - myelin
- Peripheral
Parts of a neuron
Dendrites
Identify:
1) Description
2) Major organelles
3) Primary functions
- Tapered extensions of cell body (branches coming off the cell body)
- Cytoskeleton, mitochondria
- Collect information from other neurons
Parts of a neuron
Cell body (soma)
Identify:
1) Description
2) Major organelles
3) Primary functions
- Cell body that can have varying processes
- Nucleus, golgi apparatus, Nissl substance, cytoskeleton, mitochondria
- Synthesize macromolecules, integrate electrical signals
Parts of a neuron
Axon
Identify:
1) Description
2) Major organelles
3) Primary functions
- Single, cylindrical, and can be long
- Cytoskeleton, mitochondria, transport vesicles
- Conduct information to other neurons
Parts of a neuron
Axon Terminal
Identify:
1) Description
2) Major organelles
3) Primary functions
- Vesicle-filled apposition to part of another neuron
- Synaptic vesicles, mitochondria
- Transmit information to other neurons
What are the main types of neurons?
(based on shape/morphologic characteristics)
- Bipolar: 1 dendrite process, 1 axon process
- Multipolar: 2+ dendrite process, 1 axon process
- Pseudounipolar: 1 process that splits into dendrite process and axon process
Bipolar = alien head with one hair strand with many split ends
Multipolar = alien head with many hairs
Pseudounipolar = alien head and neck
Glial cells
Schwann cells
Identify:
1) Description
2) Function
3) Location
- Peripheral myelin
- Creates myelin sheath
- Peripheral
Glial cells
Satellite cells
Identify:
1) Description
2) Function
3) Location
- Peripheral ganglia
- Maintains environment phagocytose
- Peripheral
Glial cells
Oligodendrocytes
Identify:
1) Description
2) Function
3) Location
- Central myelin
- Creates myelin sheath
- Central
Glial cells
Microglia
Identify:
1) Description
2) Function
3) Location
- Central grey and white matter
- Defense cells - phagocytose
- Central
Glial cells
Astrocytes
Identify:
1) Description
2) Function
3) Location
- Central grey and white matter
- Sends processes to vessels - forms the blood brain barrier
- Central
Have feet to hold on to blood vessels
