neuron Flashcards
What does the cell body of a neuron contain?
It contains a nucleus, cytoplasm, lysosomes, mitochondria, and a Golgi complex.
What are Nissl bodies?
Clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum in neurons, containing ribosomes for protein synthesis.
What are neurofibrils?
Bundles of intermediate filaments that provide shape and support to the neuron.
What role do microtubules play in the cell body?
hey help transport materials between the cell body and axon.
What is lipofuscin?
A pigment in aging neurons, appearing as yellowish-brown granules in the cytoplasm.
Where are receptor sites for neurotransmitters located in a neuron?
On the plasma membranes of dendrites and cell bodies
Where do nerve impulses typically arise in a neuron?
At the trigger zone, the junction between the axon hillock and initial segment.
What function do dendrites serve in a neuron?
They act as the receiving or input portions of a neuron.
What organelles are found within dendrites?
Nissl bodies, mitochondria, and other organelles.
What is the axon hillock?
A cone-shaped region of the cell body where the axon joins it.
What is the primary role of an axon?
to propagate nerve impulses toward another neuron, muscle fiber, or gland cell.
What is the axolemma?
The plasma membrane surrounding the axoplasm.
What is axoplasm?
The cytoplasm of an axon.
What are axon collaterals?
Side branches of an axon that typically branch off at right angles.
What organelles are present in the axon?
Mitochondria, microtubules, and neurofibrils.
What is the function of axon terminals?
They are the fine processes at the end of axon branches that transmit information to other cells.
What are neurotransmitters?
Chemical messengers that pass information from the presynaptic cell to the postsynaptic cell.
What is a synapse?
A junction where information is transmitted from one cell to another.
What is a synaptic terminal?
The part of an axon branch that forms the synapse.
