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A-Level PE Miss Rex > Neuromuscular Systems 1.3 > Flashcards

Neuromuscular Systems 1.3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main types of muscles fibres?

A
  1. )Type 1 - Slow Oxidative (SO)
  2. )Type IIa - Fast Oxidative Glycolytic (FOG)
  3. )Type IIb (IIx) - Fast Glycolytic (FG)
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2
Q

List the features of Type 1 muscle fibres

A
  • Small in size
  • Red
  • High levels of mitochondria
  • High fatigue resistance
  • Low force
  • Low speed
  • Aerobic
  • Less fibre damage
  • Less recovery time needed
  • High oxidative
  • High myoglobin
  • Low glycolytic capacity
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3
Q

What is the recovery rate for Type 1 muscle fibres?

A

Fibre damage not associated with endurance training so minimal rest/recovery needed.

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4
Q

What is the recovery rate for Type II muscle fibres?

A

Muscle fibres damaged and worked to exhaustion. Recommended that same muscles not worked twice like this within 4-10 days to allow for full recovery.

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5
Q

List some sporting examples for type 1 muscle fibres.

A

Marathon running

Aerobics

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6
Q

List the characteristics of type IIa muscle fibres.

A
  • Moderate in size
  • Red
  • Retrieves energy from O2 + Glucose
  • Medium force
  • Medium speed
  • Medium myoglobin
  • Medium oxidative
  • Medium mitochondria
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7
Q

List the characteristics of type IIb musclefibres.

A
  • Large in size
  • White
  • Retrieves energy from glucose (glycogen)
  • Low fatigue resistance
  • High force
  • High speed
  • Anaerobic
  • Low oxidative
  • Large neurone size
  • Low myoglobin
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8
Q

Give 2 sporting examples of type IIa muscle fibres.

A
  • Cycling

- Swimming

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9
Q

Give 2 sporting examples for type IIb muscle fibres.

A
  • Sprinting

- Weight lifting

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10
Q

What does a motor unit consist of?

A
  • Motor neuron
  • Axon
  • Terminal
  • Muscle fibres
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11
Q

How do our muscles exert different amounts of force or tension?

A

Some tasks only require the motor unit to stimulate a low number of muscle fibres to contract (throwing a dart), while when lifting 80kg more motor neurons will be activated.

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12
Q

What is the all or none rule?

A

When the impulse that is sent via the motor neuron passes ‘the threshold’ all muscle fibres in the motor unit will contract, if the impulse isn’t high enough there will be no contraction.

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13
Q

What is spatial summation?

A

When impulses are received at the same time in different places, contraction strength is variable to the number/size of motor units.

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14
Q

What are the three phases of a single twitch?

A
  1. )Latent period
  2. )Period of contraction
  3. )Relaxation period
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15
Q

What is wave summation?

A

When the muscle fibres continue to receive more impulses from the neurone to extend or tighten contraction.

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16
Q

What is a tetanic contraction (tetanus)?

A

Continuous muscle contraction caused by many quick impulses (stimuli).

17
Q

What does PNF (stretching) stand for?

A
  • Proprioceptive
  • Neuromuscular
  • Facilitation
18
Q

What does the CRAC technique stand for?

A
  • Contract
  • Relax
  • Antagonist
  • Contract
19
Q

What is the role of muscle spindles (stretch receptors)?

A

These detect how far and how fast a muscle is being stretched and produce the stretch reflex.

20
Q

What is the role of the Golgi tendon organs?

A

These are activated when there is tension in a muscle.

21
Q

Where are muscle spindles located?

A

These are very sensitive proprioceptors that lie between skeletal muscle fibres.

22
Q

Where are the Golgi tendon organs located?

A

These are found between the muscle fibre and tendon.

23
Q

How do the Golgi tendon organs allow the muscle to relax and lengthen?

A

When the muscle is contracted isometrically in PNF, they sense the increase in muscle tension and send inhibitory signals to the brain which allows the antagonist muscle to relax and lengthen. This is known as autogenic inhibition.

24
Q

What is isometric contraction?

A

Where there is tension in a muscle but no visible movement (plank).

25
Q

What is autogenic inhibition?

A

When there is a sudden relaxation of the muscle in response to high tension. The receptors involved in this process are golgi organ tendons.

A-Level PE Miss Rex (3 decks)

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