Neuromuscular system terms

Question 1

inability to properly swallow

Answer 1

dysphagia

Question 2

double vision

Answer 2

diplopia

Question 3

inability to communicate or comprehend due to damage to specific areas of brain

Answer 3

aphasia

Question 4

a condition of weakness of one side of the body

Answer 4

hemiparesis

Question 5

the state of repeatedly performing the same segment of a task or repeatedly saying the same word/phrase without purpose

Answer 5

perseveration

Question 6

an abnormal eye movement that entails nonvolitional, rhythmic oscillation of the eyes. the speed of movement is typically faster in one direction and its origin is congenital or acquired

Answer 6

nystagmus

Question 7

the sensation of movement and rotation of oneself or the surrounding environment, may have a peripheral or central origin

Answer 7

vertigo

Question 8

the inability to perform purposeful learned movements or activities even though there is no sensory or motor impairment that would hinder completion of the task

Answer 8

apraxia

Question 9

impairment in the rhythm and inflection of speech

Answer 9

dysprosody

Question 10

the loss of the right or left half of the field of vision in both eyes

Answer 10

homonymous hemianopsia

Question 11

a characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level of the diencephalon where the trunk and lower extremities are positioned in extension and the upper extremities are positioned in flexion

Answer 11

decorticate rigidity

Question 12

having an understanding of the body as a whole and the relationship of its parts to the whole

Answer 12

body schema

Question 13

slurred and impaired speech due to a motor deficit of the tongue or other muscles essential for speech

Answer 13

dysarthria

Question 14

a characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level of the brainstem that results in extension of the trunk and all extremities

Answer 14

decerebrate rigidity

Question 15

the inability to reproduce geometric figures and designs; person is often unable to visually analyze how to perform a task

Answer 15

constructional apraxia

Question 16

the inability to interpret stimuli and events on the contralateral side of a hemispheric lesion; left-sided is more common (lesion to right inferior parietal or superior temporal lobe)

Answer 16

unilateral neglect

Question 17

characteristic of expressive aphasia where speech is non-functional, effortful, and contains paraphasia; writing is also impaired

Answer 17

non-fluent aphasia

Question 18

a condition of paralysis on one side of the body

Answer 18

hemiplegia

Question 19

a condition where a person plans a movement or task, but cannot volitionally perform it; automatic movement may occur, however, the person cannot impose additional movement on command

Answer 19

ideomotor apraxia

Question 20

the inability to interpret information

Answer 20

agnosia

Question 21

mass movement patterns that are primitive in nature and coupled with spasticity due to brain damage

Answer 21

synergy

Question 22

characteristic of receptive aphasia where speech produces functional output regarding articulation, but lacks content and is typically dysprosodic using neologistic jargon

Answer 22

fluent aphasia

Question 23

the inability to recognize symbols, letters, or numbers traced on the skin

Answer 23

agraphesthesia

Question 24

the inability to formulate an initial motor plan and sequence tasks where the proprioceptive input necessary for movement is impaired

Answer 24

ideational apraxia

Question 25

the denial or unawareness of one's illness; often associated with unilateral neglect

Answer 25

anosognosia

Question 26

the inability to write due to a lesion within the brain and is typically found in combination with aphasia

Answer 26

agraphia

Question 27

the inability to recognize objects by sense of touch

Answer 27

astereognosis

Question 28

a characteristic of a right hemisphere infarct where there is an inability to control emotions and outbursts of laughing or crying that are inconsistent with the situation

Answer 28

emotional lability

Question 29

the inability to control the range of a movement and the force of muscular activity

Answer 29

dysmetria

Question 30

involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movements secondary to a basal ganglia lesion

Answer 30

tremor

Question 31

generalized weakness, typically secondary to cerebellar pathology

Answer 31

asthenia

Question 32

a characteristic of an upper motor neuron lesion; involuntary alternating spasmodic contraction of a muscle precipitated by a quick stretch reflex

Answer 32

clonus

Question 33

inability to perform coordinated movements

Answer 33

ataxia

Question 34

an involuntary and violent movement of a large body part

Answer 34

hemiballism

Question 35

inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

Answer 35

dysdiadochokinesia

Question 36

form of rigidity where resistance to movement has a phasic quality to it; often seen with Parkinson's disease

Answer 36

cogwheel rigidity

Question 37

closely related to athetosis, however there is larger axial muscle involvement rather than appendicular muscles

Answer 37

dystonia

Question 38

the ability to perceive the direction and extent of movement of a joint or body part

Answer 38

kinesthesia

Question 39

a muscular twitch that is caused by random discharge of a lower motor neuron and its muscle fibers; suggests lower motor neuron disease, however, can be benign

Answer 39

fasciculation

Question 40

the inability to initiate movement; commonly seen in patients with Parkinson's disease

Answer 40

akinesia

Question 41

a condition that presents with involuntary movements combined with instability of posture; peripheral movements occur without central stability

Answer 41

athetosis

Question 42

movement that is very slow

Answer 42

bradykinesia

Question 43

a state of severe hypertonicity where a sustained muscle contraction does not allow for any movement at a specified joint

Answer 43

rigidity

Question 44

movements that are sudden, random, and involuntary

Answer 44

chorea

Question 45

a form of resistance seen during range of motion of a hypertonic joint where there's greatest resistance at the initiation of range that lessens with movement through the range of motion

Answer 45

Clasp-knife response