Neuromuscular System + Muscle Fibres

Question 1

What is the primary function of the neuromuscular system?

Answer 1

To control and coordinate muscle movements.

Question 2

True or False: The neuromuscular system includes both the nervous system and muscular system.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are motor neurons responsible for?

Answer 3

Transmitting signals from the nervous system to the muscles.

Question 4

Define ‘motor unit’.

Answer 4

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.

Question 5

What is the role of neurotransmitters in muscle contraction?

Answer 5

They transmit signals from nerve endings to muscle fibers.

Question 6

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in muscle contraction?

Answer 6

Acetylcholine

Question 7

True or False: Muscle fibers can only contract fully or not at all.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What is the sliding filament theory?

Answer 8

A theory explaining how muscles contract by the sliding of actin and myosin filaments over each other.

Question 9

What type of muscle is under voluntary control?

Answer 9

Skeletal muscle

Question 10

Name the three types of muscle tissue.

Answer 10

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

Question 11

What is the difference between fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers?

Answer 11

Fast-twitch fibers are for quick, powerful movements, while slow-twitch fibers are for endurance and sustained activities.

Question 12

True or False: Smooth muscle is found in the walls of internal organs.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is the role of the central nervous system in the neuromuscular system?

Answer 13

To process information and coordinate responses for muscle movements.

Question 14

What type of contraction occurs when a muscle shortens?

Answer 14

Concentric contraction

Question 15

What is an eccentric contraction?

Answer 15

A contraction where the muscle lengthens while under tension.

Question 16

Define ‘isometric contraction’.

Answer 16

A contraction where muscle length does not change while tension is produced.

Question 17

What is the role of tendons in the neuromuscular system?

Answer 17

To connect muscles to bones.

Question 18

True or False: All muscle contractions require energy in the form of ATP.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What is the primary source of ATP during short bursts of intense activity?

Answer 19

Creatine phosphate

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The _______ nervous system controls involuntary actions.

Answer 20

autonomic

Question 21

What is the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Answer 21

The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for ‘fight or flight’, while the parasympathetic system promotes ‘rest and digest’.

Question 22

What is the function of sensory receptors in the neuromuscular system?

Answer 22

To detect changes in the environment and send signals to the nervous system.

Question 23

True or False: Proprioceptors help the body sense its position and movement.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What role do reflex arcs play in the neuromuscular system?

Answer 24

They allow for quick, automatic responses to stimuli.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the part of the neuron that receives signals.

Answer 25

dendrite

Question 26

What is the role of the axon in a neuron?

Answer 26

To transmit electrical impulses away from the cell body.

Question 27

Define 'action potential'.

Answer 27

A rapid change in electrical charge across a neuron's membrane that transmits a signal.

Question 28

What is the function of the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 28

To connect a motor neuron to a muscle fiber.

Question 29

True or False: Muscle fatigue occurs when a muscle is unable to contract effectively.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

What are the primary causes of muscle fatigue?

Answer 30

Depletion of energy sources, accumulation of metabolic byproducts, and impaired neural function.

Question 31

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the functional contractile unit of a muscle.

Answer 31

sarcomere

Question 32

What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?

Answer 32

They enable the interaction between actin and myosin filaments.

Question 33

What is the function of myoglobin in muscle cells?

Answer 33

To store oxygen for use during muscle contraction.

Question 34

True or False: Aerobic exercise primarily uses fast-twitch muscle fibers.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

What type of exercise primarily targets slow-twitch muscle fibers?

Answer 35

Endurance exercise

Question 36

What is the role of the endomysium?

Answer 36

To surround individual muscle fibers.

Question 37

True or False: Muscle hypertrophy refers to an increase in muscle size.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Define 'muscle atrophy'.

Answer 38

A decrease in muscle size due to disuse or disease.

Question 39

What is the role of proprioceptors in muscle control?

Answer 39

To provide feedback on muscle stretch and tension.

Question 40

True or False: The Golgi tendon organ is a type of proprioceptor.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What is the primary function of the muscle spindle?

Answer 41

To detect changes in muscle length.

Question 42

Fill in the blank: The _______ nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle movements.

Answer 42

somatic

Question 43

What is the effect of stretching on the neuromuscular system?

Answer 43

It increases flexibility and can improve muscle function.

Question 44

True or False: Resistance training can lead to neural adaptations in addition to muscle growth.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

What is the impact of aging on the neuromuscular system?

Answer 45

Decreased muscle mass, strength, and coordination.

Question 46

What is the primary role of the cerebrum in muscle control?

Answer 46

To plan and initiate voluntary movements.

Question 47

True or False: The brainstem plays a role in reflexes and involuntary movements.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

What is the function of the spinal cord in the neuromuscular system?

Answer 48

To relay signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

Question 49

What is the relationship between the neuromuscular system and physical performance?

Answer 49

A well-functioning neuromuscular system enhances strength, coordination, and overall athletic performance.

Question 50

True or False: The neuromuscular system does not adapt to training.

Answer 50

False

Question 51

What is the primary benefit of neuromuscular training?

Answer 51

Improved coordination and balance.

Question 52

What is the role of feedback in neuromuscular control?

Answer 52

To adjust movements based on sensory information.

Question 53

Fill in the blank: _______ is the process of decreasing muscle tension after contraction.

Answer 53

Relaxation