Neuromuscular System Flashcards
What are the functions of the Nervous System?
To collect and process information from the internal and external environment.
What is sensory input?
To sense changes inside and outside the body.
What types of neurons are involved in sensory input?
Sensory and motor neurons.
What can act as stimuli?
Light, heat, sound, and chemicals.
What is the role of interpretation in the Nervous System?
To analyze and interpret incoming information.
What is motor output?
To respond to stimuli.
What are the structural components of the Nervous System?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles.
What are the types of muscle?
Cardiac and smooth muscle, glands; Skeletal muscles
What do receptors do?
Receptors are biological transducers which convert information from both the external and internal environment into electrical impulses to relay the message around the body.
What are the three categories of afferent receptors?
Exteroceptive, Interoceptive, Proprioceptive
What do exteroceptive receptors report?
They report the external environment (sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch).
What do interoceptive receptors report?
They report the internal environment (blood pressure, osmotic pressure e.g. blood plasma or cells).
What do proprioceptive receptors report?
They report posture and movements of the body (positions and movements of body in space).
What are the layers of the skin?
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
What does a thermoreceptor sense?
Heat
What does Meissner’s corpuscle sense?
“Touch”
What does a nociceptor sense?
“Pain”
What does a Pacinian corpuscle sense?
“Pressure”
What is the role of sensory neurons?
They transmit sensory information to the central nervous system.
What is the sensory pathway to the CNS?
Skin -> Nerve -> Somatic sensory pathway -> Spinal cord segment -> Medulla Oblongata
What are the types of sensory receptors?
Thermoreceptors, Chemoreceptors, Electroreceptors, Photoreceptors, Mechanoreceptors, Baroreceptors
What is a dendrite?
A short branched extension of a nerve cell that receives and transmits impulses to the cell body.
What is the function of dendrites?
To receive and transmit impulses to the cell body.
What is the myelin sheath?
A fatty white substance that surrounds the axon of some nerve cells, forming an electrically insulating layer.
What is the role of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?
It is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.
What are Schwann cells?
Cells that produce the myelin sheath around axons.
What is the function of the nodes of Ranvier?
To speed up propagation of action potentials.
What is an axon?
A structure that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is also known as the nerve fibers.
axon
True or False: Schwann cells are responsible for the production of the myelin sheath.
True
What are the microscopic gaps found between myelin sheaths called?
Nodes of Ranvier.
