Neuromuscular System

Question 1

What are the functions of the Nervous System?

Answer 1

To collect and process information from the internal and external environment.

Question 2

What is sensory input?

Answer 2

To sense changes inside and outside the body.

Question 3

What types of neurons are involved in sensory input?

Answer 3

Sensory and motor neurons.

Question 4

What can act as stimuli?

Answer 4

Light, heat, sound, and chemicals.

Question 5

What is the role of interpretation in the Nervous System?

Answer 5

To analyze and interpret incoming information.

Question 6

What is motor output?

Answer 6

To respond to stimuli.

Question 7

What are the structural components of the Nervous System?

Answer 7

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles.

Question 8

What are the types of muscle?

Answer 8

Cardiac and smooth muscle, glands; Skeletal muscles

Question 9

What do receptors do?

Answer 9

Receptors are biological transducers which convert information from both the external and internal environment into electrical impulses to relay the message around the body.

Question 10

What are the three categories of afferent receptors?

Answer 10

Exteroceptive, Interoceptive, Proprioceptive

Question 11

What do exteroceptive receptors report?

Answer 11

They report the external environment (sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch).

Question 12

What do interoceptive receptors report?

Answer 12

They report the internal environment (blood pressure, osmotic pressure e.g. blood plasma or cells).

Question 13

What do proprioceptive receptors report?

Answer 13

They report posture and movements of the body (positions and movements of body in space).

Question 14

What are the layers of the skin?

Answer 14

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Question 15

What does a thermoreceptor sense?

Answer 15

Heat

Question 16

What does Meissner’s corpuscle sense?

Answer 16

“Touch”

Question 17

What does a nociceptor sense?

Answer 17

“Pain”

Question 18

What does a Pacinian corpuscle sense?

Answer 18

“Pressure”

Question 19

What is the role of sensory neurons?

Answer 19

They transmit sensory information to the central nervous system.

Question 20

What is the sensory pathway to the CNS?

Answer 20

Skin -> Nerve -> Somatic sensory pathway -> Spinal cord segment -> Medulla Oblongata

Question 21

What are the types of sensory receptors?

Answer 21

Thermoreceptors, Chemoreceptors, Electroreceptors, Photoreceptors, Mechanoreceptors, Baroreceptors

Question 22

What is a dendrite?

Answer 22

A short branched extension of a nerve cell that receives and transmits impulses to the cell body.

Question 23

What is the function of dendrites?

Answer 23

To receive and transmit impulses to the cell body.

Question 24

What is the myelin sheath?

Answer 24

A fatty white substance that surrounds the axon of some nerve cells, forming an electrically insulating layer.

Question 25

What is the role of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?

Answer 25

It is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.

Question 26

What are Schwann cells?

Answer 26

Cells that produce the myelin sheath around axons.

Question 27

What is the function of the nodes of Ranvier?

Answer 27

To speed up propagation of action potentials.

Question 28

What is an axon?

Answer 28

A structure that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The _______ is also known as the nerve fibers.

Answer 29

axon

Question 30

True or False: Schwann cells are responsible for the production of the myelin sheath.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What are the microscopic gaps found between myelin sheaths called?

Answer 31

Nodes of Ranvier.