Neuromuscular System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the functions of the Nervous System?

A

To collect and process information from the internal and external environment.

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2
Q

What is sensory input?

A

To sense changes inside and outside the body.

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3
Q

What types of neurons are involved in sensory input?

A

Sensory and motor neurons.

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4
Q

What can act as stimuli?

A

Light, heat, sound, and chemicals.

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5
Q

What is the role of interpretation in the Nervous System?

A

To analyze and interpret incoming information.

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6
Q

What is motor output?

A

To respond to stimuli.

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7
Q

What are the structural components of the Nervous System?

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles.

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8
Q

What are the types of muscle?

A

Cardiac and smooth muscle, glands; Skeletal muscles

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9
Q

What do receptors do?

A

Receptors are biological transducers which convert information from both the external and internal environment into electrical impulses to relay the message around the body.

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10
Q

What are the three categories of afferent receptors?

A

Exteroceptive, Interoceptive, Proprioceptive

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11
Q

What do exteroceptive receptors report?

A

They report the external environment (sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch).

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12
Q

What do interoceptive receptors report?

A

They report the internal environment (blood pressure, osmotic pressure e.g. blood plasma or cells).

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13
Q

What do proprioceptive receptors report?

A

They report posture and movements of the body (positions and movements of body in space).

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14
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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15
Q

What does a thermoreceptor sense?

A

Heat

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16
Q

What does Meissner’s corpuscle sense?

A

“Touch”

17
Q

What does a nociceptor sense?

A

“Pain”

18
Q

What does a Pacinian corpuscle sense?

A

“Pressure”

19
Q

What is the role of sensory neurons?

A

They transmit sensory information to the central nervous system.

20
Q

What is the sensory pathway to the CNS?

A

Skin -> Nerve -> Somatic sensory pathway -> Spinal cord segment -> Medulla Oblongata

21
Q

What are the types of sensory receptors?

A

Thermoreceptors, Chemoreceptors, Electroreceptors, Photoreceptors, Mechanoreceptors, Baroreceptors

22
Q

What is a dendrite?

A

A short branched extension of a nerve cell that receives and transmits impulses to the cell body.

23
Q

What is the function of dendrites?

A

To receive and transmit impulses to the cell body.

24
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

A fatty white substance that surrounds the axon of some nerve cells, forming an electrically insulating layer.

25
Q

What is the role of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?

A

It is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.

26
Q

What are Schwann cells?

A

Cells that produce the myelin sheath around axons.

27
Q

What is the function of the nodes of Ranvier?

A

To speed up propagation of action potentials.

28
Q

What is an axon?

A

A structure that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body.

29
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is also known as the nerve fibers.

A

axon

30
Q

True or False: Schwann cells are responsible for the production of the myelin sheath.

A

True

31
Q

What are the microscopic gaps found between myelin sheaths called?

A

Nodes of Ranvier.