Neuromuscular PT

Question 1

Postural Control

Answer 1

Controlling the body’s position in space
for the dual purposes of orientation and
stability

Question 2

Postural Orientation

Answer 2

Ability to maintain appropriate
relationship between the body segments
and between the body the environment

Question 3

Postural Stability

Answer 3

Ability to control the center of mass within the
base of support
Stability limit is the point at which a person will
change configuration of BOS to achieve
stability which can be affected by perceptual
and cognitive factors

Question 4

Postural Tone

Answer 4

Activity in antigravity muscles to
counteract the force of gravity

Question 5

Steady State

Answer 5

Ability to control the COM relative to the
BOS in fairly predictable and non-
changing conditions

ex: sitting, standing quietly, walking at
constant velocity

Question 6

Reactive Balance Control

Answer 6

Ability to recover a stable position
following an unexpected perturbation
ex: tripping over an obstacle, bumped
in a crowd

Question 7

Proactive (Anticipatory) Balance:

Answer 7

Ability to activate muscles in legs and
trunk for balance in advance of potential
destabilizing voluntary movements
ex: lifting heavy object, stepping up a
curb
Proactive (Anticipatory) Balance:

Question 8

VISUAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Answer 8

Information is gathered as soon as person enters
environment to form map however it is not obtained
after pertubation to balance has occured

Question 9

SOMATOSENSORY CONTRIBUTIONS

Answer 9

Very important in reactive postural control
Muscle responce latencies activated at 80-100 ms
Nervous system therefore prefers somatosensory input

Question 10

VESTIBULAR CONTRIBUTIONS

Answer 10

Contribution is smaller than somatosensory with
pertubations
Contribution is more important under certain
conditions that hinder somatosensory

Question 11

Standing
Reach

Answer 11

Dorsal postural muscles in leg,
trunk and neck are activated in
caudal to cranial order ensuring
COM is maintained within BOS
during arm movement

Question 12

Sitting
Reach

Answer 12

Muscle activation in cranial to
caudal
Absent in hamstrings, delayed in
lumbar extensors
Anticipatory postural muscle
support decreases as support to
body increases

Question 13

Muscle tone

Answer 13

The force with which a muscle resists
being lengthened; stiffness

Question 14

How to test muscle tone

Answer 14

Passively extending and flexing a
relaxed patient’s limbs and feeling the
resistance offered by the muscles

Question 15

Ankle Strategy

Answer 15

Leg and trunk segments move in phase
Sway frequencies are low (<1 Hz)

Question 16

Hip Strategy

Answer 16

Leg and trunk segments move out of phase
Sway frequencies are higher (<1 Hz)

Question 17

ANkle
Strategy
Forward direction:

Answer 17

gastrocnemius (80-100 ms after
disturbance)
hamstrings (20-40 ms later)
paraspinals (in another 20-40 ms)

Question 18

Ankle Strategy Backwards direction

Answer 18

anterior tibialis (80-100 ms
quadriceps (20-40 ms later)
abdominals in another (20-40 ms)

Question 19

Hip strategy Forward Sway

Answer 19

abdominals (80-100 ms after
disturbance) then quadriceps