neuromuscular focused Flashcards
: clinical manifestation of Multiple sclerosis
Fatigue, depression, Bladder dysfunction,
weakness, numbness, difficulty in coordination, loss of balance, spasticity, and pain. Visual disturbances due to lesions in the optic nerves or their connections may include blurring of vision, diplopia (double vision, or the awareness of two images of the same object occurring in one or both eyes), scotoma (patchy blindness), and total blindness.
Medical management
of MS [s13]
Disease-modifying therapies; interferon 1a and interferon 1b, glatiramer acetate, and IV methylprednisolone
Symptom management of muscle spasms, fatigue, ataxia, bowel and bladder control
MS nursing intervention
Assess for specific deficits R/T location of demyelination
Promote optimum mobility by Muscle- stretching and strengthening exercises,
Walking exercise to improve gait: use wide-based gait, Assistive devices: Canes, walker, rails, wheelchair as necessary
Oxyhemoglobin
[pg 885] a brighter red than hemoglobin that does not contain oxygen (reduced hemoglobin); thus, arterial blood is a brighter red than venous blood.
a molecule that’s formed when oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the blood [google]
- Neutrophil
A WBC essential in preventing or limiting bacterial infection via phagocytosis
Bone marrow aspiration
A bone marrow tissue sample is removed by needle aspiration for cytological (histological) examination.
what are Blood and cellular components
Plasma: fluid portion of blood
Blood cells: erythrocytes [RBC], leukocytes[WBC], thrombocytes [platelets]
what is anemia
an abnormally low amount of circulating RBCs, Hgb concentration, or hematocrit. results in diminished oxygen-carrying capacity and delivery to tissues and organs
Blood component therapy
different parts of the blood can be separated and given to pt depending on what is needed. Platelet transfusion, Plasma transfusion, White blood cell transfusion (Granulocyte), and Washed RBCs (WBC-poor packed RBCs),
Platelet transfusion
Platelets do not need to match the client blood type. Platelet infusion bags contain 200 to 300 mL.
Nursing Actions
Platelets are fragile and must be immediately infused once brought to the client’s room, and given over 15 to 30 min using a special transfusion set with a small filter and short tubing.
Vital signs are taken before the infusion, 15 min after the infusion starts, and upon completion.
Plasma transfusion
Plasma is frozen immediately following donation and is then in the form of fresh frozen plasma (FFP).
FFP is transfused as soon as the unit is thawed while clotting factors are still active.
The client can react to the FFP transfusion if the ABO compatibility is not matched.
Plasma transfusion nursing intervention
Infuse the unit of 200 mL of FFP rapidly over 15 to 30 min through a regular Y-set or straight filtered tubing.
White blood cell transfusion (Granulocyte) nursing action
Nursing Actions: Infuse WBCs suspended in 400 mL plasma over 45 to 60 min and vital signs are taken every 15 min. The presence of the provider may be required according to agency policy.
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
Findings include chills, fever, low-back pain, tachycardia, hypotension, chest tightening or pain, tachypnea, nausea, anxiety, hemoglobinuria, and an impending sense of doom.
Results from a transfusion of blood products that are incompatible with the client’s blood type or Rh factor.
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction nursing Action
Stop the transfusion.
Remove the blood tubing from the IV access. Avoid infusing further blood products into the circulatory system.
Initiate an infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride using new tubing.
Monitor vital signs and fluid status.
Send the blood bag and administration set to the lab for testing.
