Neuromuscular Disease Flashcards
What is the gram stain and arrangement of Group B strep ? What population is likely to get meningitis as a result of this?
Gram positive coccus with a tendancy to form chains
Neonates
What prophylaxis would be given to close contacts of a child with meningitis? When would you not need to give prophylaxis?
Rifampacin or ceftriaxone preferred in younger contacts (<12)
If >12 ciprofloxacin
Prophylaxis needed if organism is N.meningitis, HiB
NOT NEEDED with streptococcus pneumoniae
Herpes simplex encephalitis effects which areas classically? What is different about its treatment
Bilateral temporal lobes affected, treat with acyclovir - usually viral encephalitis is self limiting and treatment is supportive
What are the three types of cerebral palsy? What is affected in each and how can they be distributed across the body?
Spastic (most common) UMN of cerebral cortex affected
Dyskinetic (aka atheiod) - basal ganglia affected (caused by kernicterus)
Ataxic - cerebellum
Spastic can spastic diplegia, hemiplegia or quadriplegia
What are some multi-discipilinary treatment options for someone with cerebral palsy?
Tendon release/botulin toxin - help with contractures NG feeding Pressure sore management Seizure control Chest physio - prone to chest infections
What is the classic appearance of someone with spastic cerebral palsies legs?
Scissor legs (adductor hypertonia) with tip toe feet (calf flexion)
Name three cutaneous manifestations of three neurocutaneous conditions
Cafe au late spots > 5 - neurofibromatosis type 1 (darkened spots) Shagreen patches (hypopigmentation) - tuberous sclerosis Port wine stain on the face - Sturge Weber syndrome
Name two side effects of phenytoin
Gingival hyperplasia
Hirstutism
What age group are affected by febrile convulsions?
6 months to 6 years
What IQ implies severe mental retardation and what is the average IQ of someone with Down’s
70 or less
50 is the average
