Neuromuscular

Question 1

Glasgow Coma Scale

Answer 1

It measures Comas/ levels of alertness

Ranges from 3-15

Severe is below 9; Mild is 13-15

Question 2

Alert

Answer 2

Responds fully and appropriately to stimuli/ examiner

Question 3

Lethargic

Answer 3

Appears drowsy, can respond to Qs but falls asleep easily

Question 4

Obtunded

Answer 4

Responds slowly to non-painful stimuli, appears confused and in- interested in environment

Example: hangovers, clumsy, all over the place

Question 5

Stupor

Answer 5

Can only be awaken by painful stimuli, minimal awareness of self or environment

Ex: blackout drunk

Question 6

Stupor

Answer 6

Can only be awaken by painful stimuli, minimal awareness of self or environment

Ex: blackout drunk

Question 7

Coma

Answer 7

Can not be aroused and no response to stimuli

Question 8

Sustained attention

Answer 8

Ability to attend to task tasks without being distracted

Question 9

Divided Attention

Answer 9

Ability to shift attention from one task to another

Question 10

Focused attention

Answer 10

Ability to stay on task in the presence of distractors

Question 11

Immediate Recall

Answer 11

Recall after brief interval ( 5mins)

Question 12

Short-term recall

Answer 12

Recall of recent events ( breakfast)

Question 13

Long-term recall

Answer 13

Remote recall of past events ( where born )

Question 14

What are higher level cognitive abilities?

Answer 14

Judgement/ problem solving

Abstract reasoning

Ability to order components of cognitive or functional tasks

Question 15

Mini-Mental status examination

Answer 15

A cognitive dysfunction test

Max score of 30

Severe Mental impairment: score of 15 or below

Question 16

Frontal Lobe damage symptoms

Answer 16

NO Homonymous Hemianopsia

Personality changes/antisocial behavior

Ataxia

Broca’s Aphasia

Poor initiation

Question 17

Parietal Lobe Damage Symptoms

Answer 17

Apraxia

Anosognosia

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Homonymous visual deficits

Question 18

Occipital Lobe Damage Symptoms

Answer 18

Visual Deficit, Homonymous hemianopsia, agnostic, cortical blindness

Impaired extra-ocular mm movement

Question 19

Temporal Movement

Answer 19

Hearing

Memory

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Antisocial behaviors “ Fear of Groups”

Question 20

Cerebellum damage symptoms

Answer 20

Ataxia

Lack of coordination

Intention tremors ( w/ actions and at rest)

Dysdiadochokinesia

Dysmetria

Dysarthria

Question 21

Basal Ganglia damage symptoms

Answer 21

Bradykinesia

Resting tremors

Rigidity ( Lead Pipe, Cogwheel)

Athetosis

Chorea

Question 22

Thalamus damage symptoms

Answer 22

Thalmic Pain Syndrome

Altered relay of sensory information

Pushers syndrome

Question 23

Hypothalamus damage symptoms

Answer 23

Altered basic life functions (body temp, hunger, sleep/wake cycle)

Poor ANS functioning

Altered function of anterior pituitary gland [ ADH secretion and reproduction ( anti-diuretic hormone) “ Homeostasis”

Question 24

Brainstem damage symptoms

Answer 24

Cranial Nerve Palsy

Altered respiratory Patterns

Leads to death

Question 25

Left Hemisphere Injury Symptoms

Answer 25

Right sided sensory and motor deficits Difficulty understanding and producing language ( both written and spoken) Difficulty sequencing movements Poor logical Slow, cautious, anxious Self-deprecating LOW FALL RISK ( aware of deficits, needs encouragement)

Question 26

Right Hemisphere Injury Symptoms

Answer 26

Left sided sensory and motor deficits Unable to understand non-verbal communication Difficulty sustaining movements( needs constant reminders) Poor hand eye coordination and kinesthetic awareness Quick and impulsive Overstimulation of abilities HFR ( anosognosia, not aware of deficits)

Question 27

Cranial Nerve 3

Answer 27

Name: Occulomotor Motor: turns eye up, down, in, elevates eyelid

Question 28

Cranial Nerve 4

Answer 28

Name: Trochlear Motor: turns ADDucted eye down

Question 29

Cranial Nerve 5

Answer 29

Name: Trigmenal Nerve BOTH Motor: Temporal and masseter muscles Sensory: face, cornea

Question 30

Cranial nerve 6

Answer 30

Name: Abducens Motor: turns eye out

Question 31

Cranial nerve 7

Answer 31

Name: Facial Nerve BOTH Motor: facial expression Sensory: Taste

Question 32

Cranial nerve 8

Answer 32

Name: Vestibulocochlear DOUBLE SENSORY Sensory: vestibular ocular reflex ( VOR), Cochlear function

Question 33

Cranial nerve 10

Answer 33

Both. Motor: throat, thorax, & abdominal muscles Sensory: relays information about state of organs in body to brain ( hunger, heartbeat, swallow)

Question 34

Cranial nerve 11

Answer 34

Name: spinal accessory DOUBLE MOTOR Motor: trapezius, SCM muscle function

Question 35

Homonymous Hemianopsia

Answer 35

Loss of contralateral half of vision field in both eyes ( R hemi damage = L field vision loss) ( turns head towards blind side to see W/ good field of vision)

Question 36

Anosognosia

Answer 36

Severe denial, neglect, or lack of awareness HIGH FALL RISK

Question 37

Agnosia

Answer 37

Inability to recognize familiar objects with one sensory modality ( just looking at something won't work)

Question 38

Apraxia

Answer 38

Inability to perform purposeful movements when there is no loss of sensation, strength, coordination, or comprehension Ideomotor apraxia: cannot perform task on command but can do when left alone Ideational apraxia: cannot perform task with command or on own

Question 39

Spasticity

Answer 39

The faster l try to move the limb the more it resist Always an UNN lesion

Question 40

Patterns of spasticity ( scapula)

Answer 40

Actions: retractions, downaward rotation Muscles affected: rhomboids Reverse spasticity: protract, upward rotation

Question 41

Patterns of spasticity ( shoulder)

Answer 41

Actions: ADDuction, IR, and depression Muscles affected: pec major, Lats, teres major, subscapularis Reverse spasticity: ABDuction, ER, elevation