Neurology Test 2 & Practice Questions

Question 1

Beta blockers are medications that reduce blood pressure and HR by blocking ________ receptors.

a) epinephrine
b) dopamine
c) glutamate

Answer 1

a) epinephrine

Question 2

Frisson, the emotional goosebumps that come from an aesthetic experience, for example music, and is “driven” by __________.

a) dopamine
b) glutamate
c) GABA

Answer 2

a) dopamine

Question 3

Extrafusal fibres are innervated by:

a) gamma motor neurons
b) alpha motor neurons

Answer 3

b) alpha motor neurons

Question 4

The cell bodies of Alpha motor neurons are found in the ____ horns of the spinal cord.

a) ventral
b) dorsal

Answer 4

a) ventral

Question 5

A person having both the desire and the capacity to move but simply cannot execute the act is suffering from____.

a) agnosia
b) apraxia
c) aphasia

Answer 5

b) apraxia

Question 6

The process by which nerve signals enter and ascend the CNS in various tracts is called:

a) modulation
b) perception
c) transmission
d) transduction

Answer 6

c) transmission

Question 7

Wernicke’s aphasia is due to an injury to the __________ lobe.

a) occipital
b) parietal
c) frontal
d) temporal

Answer 7

d) temporal

Question 8

The psychedelic drugs psilocybin, and LSD are __________ agonists.

a) GABA
b) serotonin
c) adenosine

Answer 8

b) serotonin

Question 9

Numerous venoms and toxins inactivate muscles by inhibiting _____ at the neuromuscular junction.

a) acetylcholine
b) nitric oxide
c) glutamate

Answer 9

a) acetylcholine

Question 10

When a muscle is inhibited by a Golgi tendon Organ the process is called

a) autogenic inhibition
b) reciprocal inhibition

Answer 10

a) autogenic inhibition

Question 11

Allergic diseases symptom severity is associated with:

a) circadian rhythms
b) ultradian rhythm
c) infradian rhythms

Answer 11

b) ultradian rhythm

Question 12

Glymphatic clearance takes place during ____ sleep.

a) NREM
b) REM

Answer 12

a) NREM

Question 13

Long-term cortisone use may lead to ___________syndrome

a) Addison’s disease
b) Cushing’s Syndrome

Answer 13

b) Cushing’s Syndrome

Question 14

A stretch receptor (muscle spindle) is composed of a connective tissue capsule surrounding:

a) Ia fibres wrapped around extrafusal fibres
b) Ib fibres wrapped around extrafusal fibres
c) Ia fibres wrapped around intrafusal fibres
d) Ib fibres wrapped around intrafusal fibres

Answer 14

c) Ia fibres wrapped around intrafusal fibres

Question 15

Epinephrine (hormone) is released from the:

a) adrenal medulla
b) adrenal cortex

Answer 15

a) adrenal medulla

Question 16

Formication can occur as a symptom of withdrawal from benzodiazepines. These drugs are ____ agonists.

a) dopamine
b) glutamate
c) GABA

Answer 16

c) GABA

Question 17

__________ nociceptors are stimulated by algogenic substances in the interstitial fluid.

a) C-PMN
b) A delta

Answer 17

a) C-PMN

Question 18

Broca’s aphasia is also called:

a) comprehensive aphasia
b) non-fluent aphasia

Answer 18

b) non-fluent aphasia

Question 19

Olfactory receptors are _______ adapting.

a) fast
b) slow

Answer 19

a) fast

Question 20

_______ increases oxygen absorption in the nose.

a) Carbon monoxide
b) Nitric oxide
c) Adenosine

Answer 20

b) Nitric oxide

Question 21

The haptic receptor that responds to transient pressure is called a(n) _______ receptor.

a) Ruffini
b) Pacinian
c) Meissner

Answer 21

b) Pacinian

Question 22

22. ______ is the main psychoactive component of cannabis.
    a) THC
    b) CBD

Answer 22

a) THC

Question 23

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ interact with the opiate receptors in the brain to reduce our perception of 
 pain.
a)	endorphins
b)	cannabis
c)	GABA

Answer 23

a) endorphins

Question 24

___________ is reported more often among older populations.

a) Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder
b) Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder

Answer 24

b) Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder

Question 25

The stimulant effect of coffee occurs because caffeine acts as an _______- receptor antagonist. a) acetylcholine b) adenosine c) serotonin

Answer 25

b) adenosine

Question 26

Depletion of ____________ results in the most common form of narcolepsy in which the sufferer experiences daytime sleepiness. a) glutamate b) hypocretin c) histamine

Answer 26

b) hypocretin

Question 27

___________ is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS. a) dopamine b) adenosine c) glutamate

Answer 27

c) glutamate

Question 28

The vast majority of _________ is made and contained within the gut. a) oxytocin b) serotonin c) glutamate

Answer 28

b) serotonin

Question 29

_______ reduction with aging causes increased rigidity. a) dopamine b) adenosine c) glutamate

Answer 29

a) dopamine

Question 30

The inability to recognize faces is a type of: a) agnosia b) apraxia c) aphasia

Answer 30

a) agnosia

Question 31

Information from a muscle spindle can provide: a) protection from overstretching b) proprioceptive information c) both a) and b)

Answer 31

c) both a) and b)

Question 32

Intrafusal muscles are normal skeletal muscle fibres. a) True b) False

Answer 32

b) False

Question 33

Muscle spindle sensitivity to stretch is controlled by ______ motor neurons a) Alpha b) Gamma

Answer 33

b) Gamma

Question 34

A __________ limits excessive contraction exerted on a tendon, by inhibiting further muscle contraction. a) Muscle spindle b) Golgi tendon Organ

Answer 34

b) Golgi tendon Organ

Question 35

When a __________ is stimulated, it causes its associated muscle to relax by interrupting its contraction. a) Muscle spindle b) Golgi tendon Organ

Answer 35

a) Muscle spindle

Question 36

______ nociceptors are associated with routes that carry faster action potentials. a) C-PMN b) A delta

Answer 36

b) A delta

Question 37

A stimulated GTO will ______ the muscle that contains it. a) relax b) tighten

Answer 37

a) relax

Question 38

Prescription drugs that are ________ antagonist often result in anhedonia. a) epinephrine b) dopamine c) glutamate

Answer 38

b) dopamine

Question 39

________ is the main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system. a) acetylcholine b) adenosine c) epinephrine

Answer 39

a) acetylcholine

Question 40

________ acts as a Sympathetic Nervous System NT. a) epinephrine b) acetylcholine c) adenosine

Answer 40

a) epinephrine

Question 41

______ is the most inhibitory NT in the CNS. a) dopamine b) glutamate c) GABA

Answer 41

c) GABA

Question 42

________ use glutamate to destroy infected neurons, viruses, and bacteria, but this can also cause large amounts of collateral damage to healthy neurons. a) ependymal cells b) oligodendrocytes c) microglia

Answer 42

c) microglia

Question 43

A major role of the ________ system is to integrate metabolic and circadian cycles' influence to determine whether an animal should be asleep, or awake and active. a) glutamate b) hypocretin c) histamine

Answer 43

b) hypocretin

Question 44

Intranasal ________ especially under sleep deprived situations, may provide an opportunity for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness. a) dopamine b) histamine c) hypocretin

Answer 44

c) hypocretin

Question 45

Anti - ________ are often used to decrease formication. a) cholinergics b) histamines c) depressants

Answer 45

b) histamines

Question 46

________ is a NT whose biological function is complex, modulating mood, cognition, and numerous physiological processes. a) oxytocin b) serotonin c) glutamate

Answer 46

b) serotonin

Question 47

________ signalling along the Gut Brain Axis may underlie the symptoms present in many GI and mood disorders and also explain their high comorbidity. a) GABA b) serotonin c) adenosine

Answer 47

b) serotonin