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T2 NEUROLOGY > Neurology Test 2 & Practice Questions > Flashcards

Neurology Test 2 & Practice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Beta blockers are medications that reduce blood pressure and HR by blocking ________ receptors.

a) epinephrine
b) dopamine
c) glutamate

A

a) epinephrine

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2
Q

Frisson, the emotional goosebumps that come from an aesthetic experience, for example music, and is “driven” by __________.

a) dopamine
b) glutamate
c) GABA

A

a) dopamine

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3
Q

Extrafusal fibres are innervated by:

a) gamma motor neurons
b) alpha motor neurons

A

b) alpha motor neurons

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4
Q

The cell bodies of Alpha motor neurons are found in the ____ horns of the spinal cord.

a) ventral
b) dorsal

A

a) ventral

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5
Q

A person having both the desire and the capacity to move but simply cannot execute the act is suffering from____.

a) agnosia
b) apraxia
c) aphasia

A

b) apraxia

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6
Q

The process by which nerve signals enter and ascend the CNS in various tracts is called:

a) modulation
b) perception
c) transmission
d) transduction

A

c) transmission

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7
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia is due to an injury to the __________ lobe.

a) occipital
b) parietal
c) frontal
d) temporal

A

d) temporal

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8
Q

The psychedelic drugs psilocybin, and LSD are __________ agonists.

a) GABA
b) serotonin
c) adenosine

A

b) serotonin

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9
Q

Numerous venoms and toxins inactivate muscles by inhibiting _____ at the neuromuscular junction.

a) acetylcholine
b) nitric oxide
c) glutamate

A

a) acetylcholine

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10
Q

When a muscle is inhibited by a Golgi tendon Organ the process is called

a) autogenic inhibition
b) reciprocal inhibition

A

a) autogenic inhibition

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11
Q

Allergic diseases symptom severity is associated with:

a) circadian rhythms
b) ultradian rhythm
c) infradian rhythms

A

b) ultradian rhythm

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12
Q

Glymphatic clearance takes place during ____ sleep.

a) NREM
b) REM

A

a) NREM

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13
Q

Long-term cortisone use may lead to ___________syndrome

a) Addison’s disease
b) Cushing’s Syndrome

A

b) Cushing’s Syndrome

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14
Q

A stretch receptor (muscle spindle) is composed of a connective tissue capsule surrounding:

a) Ia fibres wrapped around extrafusal fibres
b) Ib fibres wrapped around extrafusal fibres
c) Ia fibres wrapped around intrafusal fibres
d) Ib fibres wrapped around intrafusal fibres

A

c) Ia fibres wrapped around intrafusal fibres

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15
Q

Epinephrine (hormone) is released from the:

a) adrenal medulla
b) adrenal cortex

A

a) adrenal medulla

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16
Q

Formication can occur as a symptom of withdrawal from benzodiazepines. These drugs are ____ agonists.

a) dopamine
b) glutamate
c) GABA

A

c) GABA

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17
Q

__________ nociceptors are stimulated by algogenic substances in the interstitial fluid.

a) C-PMN
b) A delta

A

a) C-PMN

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18
Q

Broca’s aphasia is also called:

a) comprehensive aphasia
b) non-fluent aphasia

A

b) non-fluent aphasia

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19
Q

Olfactory receptors are _______ adapting.

a) fast
b) slow

A

a) fast

20
Q

_______ increases oxygen absorption in the nose.

a) Carbon monoxide
b) Nitric oxide
c) Adenosine

A

b) Nitric oxide

21
Q

The haptic receptor that responds to transient pressure is called a(n) _______ receptor.

a) Ruffini
b) Pacinian
c) Meissner

A

b) Pacinian

22
Q
  1. ______ is the main psychoactive component of cannabis.
    a) THC
    b) CBD
A

a) THC

23
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ interact with the opiate receptors in the brain to reduce our perception of 
 pain.
a)	endorphins
b)	cannabis
c)	GABA
A

a) endorphins

24
Q

___________ is reported more often among older populations.

a) Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder
b) Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder

A

b) Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder

25
Q

The stimulant effect of coffee occurs because caffeine acts as an _______- receptor antagonist.

a) acetylcholine
b) adenosine
c) serotonin

A

b) adenosine

26
Q

Depletion of ____________ results in the most common form of narcolepsy in which the sufferer experiences daytime sleepiness.

a) glutamate
b) hypocretin
c) histamine

A

b) hypocretin

27
Q

___________ is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS.

a) dopamine
b) adenosine
c) glutamate

A

c) glutamate

28
Q

The vast majority of _________ is made and contained within the gut.

a) oxytocin
b) serotonin
c) glutamate

A

b) serotonin

29
Q

_______ reduction with aging causes increased rigidity.

a) dopamine
b) adenosine
c) glutamate

A

a) dopamine

30
Q

The inability to recognize faces is a type of:

a) agnosia
b) apraxia
c) aphasia

A

a) agnosia

31
Q

Information from a muscle spindle can provide:

a) protection from overstretching
b) proprioceptive information
c) both a) and b)

A

c) both a) and b)

32
Q

Intrafusal muscles are normal skeletal muscle fibres.

a) True
b) False

A

b) False

33
Q

Muscle spindle sensitivity to stretch is controlled by ______ motor neurons

a) Alpha
b) Gamma

A

b) Gamma

34
Q

A __________ limits excessive contraction exerted on a tendon, by inhibiting further muscle contraction.

a) Muscle spindle
b) Golgi tendon Organ

A

b) Golgi tendon Organ

35
Q

When a __________ is stimulated, it causes its associated muscle to relax by interrupting its contraction.

a) Muscle spindle
b) Golgi tendon Organ

A

a) Muscle spindle

36
Q

______ nociceptors are associated with routes that carry faster action potentials.

a) C-PMN
b) A delta

A

b) A delta

37
Q

A stimulated GTO will ______ the muscle that contains it.

a) relax
b) tighten

A

a) relax

38
Q

Prescription drugs that are ________ antagonist often result in anhedonia.

a) epinephrine
b) dopamine
c) glutamate

A

b) dopamine

39
Q

________ is the main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system.

a) acetylcholine
b) adenosine
c) epinephrine

A

a) acetylcholine

40
Q

________ acts as a Sympathetic Nervous System NT.

a) epinephrine
b) acetylcholine
c) adenosine

A

a) epinephrine

41
Q

______ is the most inhibitory NT in the CNS.

a) dopamine
b) glutamate
c) GABA

A

c) GABA

42
Q

________ use glutamate to destroy infected neurons, viruses, and bacteria, but this can also cause large amounts of collateral damage to healthy neurons.

a) ependymal cells
b) oligodendrocytes
c) microglia

A

c) microglia

43
Q

A major role of the ________ system is to integrate metabolic and circadian cycles’ influence to determine whether an animal should be asleep, or awake and active.

a) glutamate
b) hypocretin
c) histamine

A

b) hypocretin

44
Q

Intranasal ________ especially under sleep deprived situations, may provide an opportunity for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness.

a) dopamine
b) histamine
c) hypocretin

A

c) hypocretin

45
Q

Anti - ________ are often used to decrease formication.

a) cholinergics
b) histamines
c) depressants

A

b) histamines

46
Q

________ is a NT whose biological function is complex, modulating mood, cognition, and numerous physiological processes.

a) oxytocin
b) serotonin
c) glutamate

A

b) serotonin

47
Q

________ signalling along the Gut Brain Axis may underlie the symptoms present in many GI and mood disorders and also explain their high comorbidity.

a) GABA
b) serotonin
c) adenosine

A

b) serotonin

T2 NEUROLOGY (1 decks)

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