Neurology Test 2 & Practice Questions Flashcards
Beta blockers are medications that reduce blood pressure and HR by blocking ________ receptors.
a) epinephrine
b) dopamine
c) glutamate
a) epinephrine
Frisson, the emotional goosebumps that come from an aesthetic experience, for example music, and is “driven” by __________.
a) dopamine
b) glutamate
c) GABA
a) dopamine
Extrafusal fibres are innervated by:
a) gamma motor neurons
b) alpha motor neurons
b) alpha motor neurons
The cell bodies of Alpha motor neurons are found in the ____ horns of the spinal cord.
a) ventral
b) dorsal
a) ventral
A person having both the desire and the capacity to move but simply cannot execute the act is suffering from____.
a) agnosia
b) apraxia
c) aphasia
b) apraxia
The process by which nerve signals enter and ascend the CNS in various tracts is called:
a) modulation
b) perception
c) transmission
d) transduction
c) transmission
Wernicke’s aphasia is due to an injury to the __________ lobe.
a) occipital
b) parietal
c) frontal
d) temporal
d) temporal
The psychedelic drugs psilocybin, and LSD are __________ agonists.
a) GABA
b) serotonin
c) adenosine
b) serotonin
Numerous venoms and toxins inactivate muscles by inhibiting _____ at the neuromuscular junction.
a) acetylcholine
b) nitric oxide
c) glutamate
a) acetylcholine
When a muscle is inhibited by a Golgi tendon Organ the process is called
a) autogenic inhibition
b) reciprocal inhibition
a) autogenic inhibition
Allergic diseases symptom severity is associated with:
a) circadian rhythms
b) ultradian rhythm
c) infradian rhythms
b) ultradian rhythm
Glymphatic clearance takes place during ____ sleep.
a) NREM
b) REM
a) NREM
Long-term cortisone use may lead to ___________syndrome
a) Addison’s disease
b) Cushing’s Syndrome
b) Cushing’s Syndrome
A stretch receptor (muscle spindle) is composed of a connective tissue capsule surrounding:
a) Ia fibres wrapped around extrafusal fibres
b) Ib fibres wrapped around extrafusal fibres
c) Ia fibres wrapped around intrafusal fibres
d) Ib fibres wrapped around intrafusal fibres
c) Ia fibres wrapped around intrafusal fibres
Epinephrine (hormone) is released from the:
a) adrenal medulla
b) adrenal cortex
a) adrenal medulla
Formication can occur as a symptom of withdrawal from benzodiazepines. These drugs are ____ agonists.
a) dopamine
b) glutamate
c) GABA
c) GABA
__________ nociceptors are stimulated by algogenic substances in the interstitial fluid.
a) C-PMN
b) A delta
a) C-PMN
Broca’s aphasia is also called:
a) comprehensive aphasia
b) non-fluent aphasia
b) non-fluent aphasia
Olfactory receptors are _______ adapting.
a) fast
b) slow
a) fast
_______ increases oxygen absorption in the nose.
a) Carbon monoxide
b) Nitric oxide
c) Adenosine
b) Nitric oxide
The haptic receptor that responds to transient pressure is called a(n) _______ receptor.
a) Ruffini
b) Pacinian
c) Meissner
b) Pacinian
- ______ is the main psychoactive component of cannabis.
a) THC
b) CBD
a) THC
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ interact with the opiate receptors in the brain to reduce our perception of pain. a) endorphins b) cannabis c) GABA
a) endorphins
___________ is reported more often among older populations.
a) Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder
b) Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder
b) Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder
The stimulant effect of coffee occurs because caffeine acts as an _______- receptor antagonist.
a) acetylcholine
b) adenosine
c) serotonin
b) adenosine
Depletion of ____________ results in the most common form of narcolepsy in which the sufferer experiences daytime sleepiness.
a) glutamate
b) hypocretin
c) histamine
b) hypocretin
___________ is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS.
a) dopamine
b) adenosine
c) glutamate
c) glutamate
The vast majority of _________ is made and contained within the gut.
a) oxytocin
b) serotonin
c) glutamate
b) serotonin
_______ reduction with aging causes increased rigidity.
a) dopamine
b) adenosine
c) glutamate
a) dopamine
The inability to recognize faces is a type of:
a) agnosia
b) apraxia
c) aphasia
a) agnosia
Information from a muscle spindle can provide:
a) protection from overstretching
b) proprioceptive information
c) both a) and b)
c) both a) and b)
Intrafusal muscles are normal skeletal muscle fibres.
a) True
b) False
b) False
Muscle spindle sensitivity to stretch is controlled by ______ motor neurons
a) Alpha
b) Gamma
b) Gamma
A __________ limits excessive contraction exerted on a tendon, by inhibiting further muscle contraction.
a) Muscle spindle
b) Golgi tendon Organ
b) Golgi tendon Organ
When a __________ is stimulated, it causes its associated muscle to relax by interrupting its contraction.
a) Muscle spindle
b) Golgi tendon Organ
a) Muscle spindle
______ nociceptors are associated with routes that carry faster action potentials.
a) C-PMN
b) A delta
b) A delta
A stimulated GTO will ______ the muscle that contains it.
a) relax
b) tighten
a) relax
Prescription drugs that are ________ antagonist often result in anhedonia.
a) epinephrine
b) dopamine
c) glutamate
b) dopamine
________ is the main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system.
a) acetylcholine
b) adenosine
c) epinephrine
a) acetylcholine
________ acts as a Sympathetic Nervous System NT.
a) epinephrine
b) acetylcholine
c) adenosine
a) epinephrine
______ is the most inhibitory NT in the CNS.
a) dopamine
b) glutamate
c) GABA
c) GABA
________ use glutamate to destroy infected neurons, viruses, and bacteria, but this can also cause large amounts of collateral damage to healthy neurons.
a) ependymal cells
b) oligodendrocytes
c) microglia
c) microglia
A major role of the ________ system is to integrate metabolic and circadian cycles’ influence to determine whether an animal should be asleep, or awake and active.
a) glutamate
b) hypocretin
c) histamine
b) hypocretin
Intranasal ________ especially under sleep deprived situations, may provide an opportunity for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness.
a) dopamine
b) histamine
c) hypocretin
c) hypocretin
Anti - ________ are often used to decrease formication.
a) cholinergics
b) histamines
c) depressants
b) histamines
________ is a NT whose biological function is complex, modulating mood, cognition, and numerous physiological processes.
a) oxytocin
b) serotonin
c) glutamate
b) serotonin
________ signalling along the Gut Brain Axis may underlie the symptoms present in many GI and mood disorders and also explain their high comorbidity.
a) GABA
b) serotonin
c) adenosine
b) serotonin
