Neurology: Neurologic Development and Aging Flashcards
When should primitive reflexes be gone by?
3-5 months
Describe the moro reflex.
What may its absence/asymmetry suggest about a lesion’s location?
When should it disappear?
Sudden loss of support leads to UE abduction and extension followed by flexion and adduction.
Absence or asymmetry suggests focal lesion, possibly at brachial plexus or involving peripheral nerves
Disappear by 3-4 months
Describe the galant reflex.
When should it be gone?
When hanging ventrally, stroking the back should lead to curvature of the back towards that side
2-3 months
When should grasp reflex be gone?
2-3 months
When should tonic neck reflex disappear?
2-3 months
*Fencing posture
When is placing and stepping reflex absent?
2-5 months
When does rooting/sucking reflex disappear?
3-4 months
Describe traits seen in NF1
Cafe-au-lait, Lisch nodules of iris, optic gliomas, seizures, axillary freckles, neurofibromas, bony lesions, scoliosis
What is a characteristic pathology seen in NF2?
Bilateral vestibular schwannomas
Describe the hallmarks of tuberous sclerosis
Ash leaf spots, hypopigmentation, cortical tubers, cardiac rhabdomyomas, renal angioleiomyomas, mental retardation, seizures, adenoma sebaceum
Stuttering/speech delay affects what percent of children? What sex more often?
2%
More often males
Is learning disability the same as mental retardation?
No. The former has a normal IQ (IQ > 70)
Decreased social communication skills, speech, with or without stereotypical movements is descriptive of …
Autism
What does dyslexia effect?
Written language, such as reading or writing. Speech is normal. More common in lefties and is familial
Why are subdural hematomas more common than epidural hematomas in the older population, particularly obese hirsute females?
Thickening of skull with hyperostosis frontalis interna which becomes strongly adherent to dura, partially due to loss of collagen elasticity and contractility over time
