Neurology/ Nervous system (chapter 7)

Question 1

What is our nervous system?

Answer 1

A complex network of cells and fibers that send impulses between parts of the body

Question 2

What’s a basic structural unit for the nervous system and what does it do?

Answer 2

The neuron or nerve cell is our basic structural unit; cells that transmit nerve impulses and forms towards the cell body building up the nervous system

Question 3

What are our nerves?

Answer 3

Combinations of many nerve fibers located outside the brain and spinal cord that send signals between the central system and other body parts

Question 4

Central Nervous System

Answer 4

Nerve tissues that control the activities of the body, consisting of the brain and spinal cord

Question 5

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 5

Outside the brain and spinal cord responsible for sending information between the central system and the rest of the body, consisting the two divisions: the Somatic & Automatic nervous systems

Question 6

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 6

Carries messages between the central system and the body controlling movements like walking and talking

Question 7

Automatic Nervous System

Answer 7

Contains the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems to control involuntary body functions like heartbeat or digestion

Question 8

Brain

Answer 8

An organ that serves as the center of the nervous system, controlling thoughts, emotions, and bodily functions

Question 9

Cerebrum

Answer 9

Largest part of the brain, responsible for activities like thinking, speaking and problem-solving, memory, sight, smell, hearing, etc.

Question 10

Cerebellum

Answer 10

Part of the brain that coordinates movements, balance and posture, and muscle tone

Question 11

Diencephalon

Answer 11

A region of the brain that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus regulating bodily functions

Question 12

Thalamus

Answer 12

Part of the diencephalon that relies on sensory to the cerebrum, playing key roles in perception and consciousness

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

Part of the diencephalon that regulates body temp, hunger, thirst, sleep, blood vessel, and hormone released from pituitary gland

Question 14

Midbrain

Answer 14

The region of the brainstem that conducts sensory and motor functions for brain parts and for certain eye & auditory reflexes

Question 15

Pons

Answer 15

Part of the brainstem that connects the cerebrum and the cerebellum, for reflex actions like chewing, tasting, respirations and facial expressions

Question 16

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 16

Lowest part of the brainstem, regulating vital functions like breathing, heart, rate or blood pressure

Question 17

Spinal Cord

Answer 17

Bundle of nerves that run down the back and signals between the brain and the rest of the body for reflex actions and coordination

Question 18

Meninges

Answer 18

Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord providing support and cushioning

Question 19

Ventricles

Answer 19

Interconnected cavities within the brain that produce and contain choroid plexuses fluid that nourishes and protects the brain and spinal cord

Question 20

Cerebrospinal/Choroid Fluids

Answer 20

Clear, colorless fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord, giving nutrients and taking out wastes

Question 21

Sympathetic

Answer 21

Autonomic systems that prepares the body for stress or danger, activating fight-or-flight responses

Question 22

Parasympathetic

Answer 22

Autonomic systems that calms the body and conserves energy, promoting rest, relaxing and digestion

Question 23

ALS
(Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)

Answer 23

A neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells, leading to muscle weakness and loss of motor control

Question 24

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Answer 24

A condition that causes numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hands with compressions from the median nerve in the wrist

Question 25

Cerebral Palsy

Answer 25

A group of disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and maintain balance and posture, caused by damage to the developing brain

Question 26

CVA - stroke
(Cerebrovascular accident)

Answer 26

Occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted, leading to brain damage and neuro deficits

Question 27

Concussion

Answer 27

Traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head/body or violent shaking resulting in temporary loss of brain function

Question 28

Encephalitis

Answer 28

Inflammation of the brain causes by viral infection, leading to symptoms like headache, fever, and confusion

Question 29

Epilepsy - seizures

Answer 29

A disorder causing recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain, resulting in loss of consciousness and convulsions

Question 30

Hydrocephalus

Answer 30

A condition in which there is abnormal accumulation of brain fluid in the brain, causing enlargement of the head and increases of pressure to the head

Question 31

Meningitis

Answer 31

Inflammation of the meninges, surrounding the brain and spinal cord causing bacterial or viral infections

Question 32

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 32

A chronic (autoimmune) disease that affects the central system causing communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body leading to a number of neurological symptoms

Question 33

Neuralgia

Answer 33

Intense, intermittent pain along the course of a nerve caused by irritation or damage to the nerve

Question 34

Paralysis

Answer 34

Loss of muscle function in parts of the body, giving inability to move or control the affected muscles

Question 35

Parkinsons

Answer 35

A nervous system disorder that affects movement, causing tremors, stiffness and difficulty with balance and conditions — making one unable to perform ADLS

Question 36

Shingles

Answer 36

Viral infection that causes a rash, usually in the a strip or band on one side of the body, caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus

Question 37

Dementia

Answer 37

An illness ‘syndrome’ that decline cognitive abilities like memory, language, perceptions and attention (mostly found from those at an older age)