Neurology Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

the notocord induces overlying ________to differentiate into neuroectoderm and form the neural plate

A

ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the neural plate gives rise to

A

neural tube and neural crest cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

alar plate is

A

sensory (DORSAL) think of DRG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the basal plate is

A

motor (ventral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the notochord become

A

nucleus pulposis of the intervertebral disks in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

telencephalon gives rise to

A

cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

diencephalon gives rise to

A

thalamus and third ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mesencephalon gives rise to

A

mid brain and aqueduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

metencephalong gives rise to

A

pons, cerebellum, and upper part of the fourth ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

myelencephalon gives rise to

A

medulla and LOWER part of the fourth ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mid brain is also called

A

mesencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hind brain is also called the ____-and consists of the _______and ___________

A

metencephalon, myelencephlon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the forebrain is also called

A

prosencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the prosencephlong gives rise to

A

telencephalon and diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the neural crest cells give rise to

A

PNS neurons and schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mesoderm gives rise to what parts of CNS/PNS

A

microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the neuroectoderm gives rise to what

A

CNS neurons, ependymal cells, oligodendroglia and astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

neuroectoderm for ________and neural crest for ________

A

CNS, PNS

19
Q

when time period do the neuralpores close

A

4th week

20
Q

when alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is elevated what should you be thinking

A

neural tube defect

21
Q

when alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is elevated and then you find they also have elevated acetylcholinesterase then what do you highly suspect with great accuracy

A

neural tube defect

22
Q

low folic acid intake is assoc with

A

neural tube defects

23
Q

associated with a tuft of hair or skin dimple at the level of bony defect

A

spina bifida occulta

24
Q

meninges but NOT the spinal cord herniate through the spinal canal defect, normal AFP

A

meningocele

25
Q

meninges AND spinal cord herniate through the spinal canal defect

A

meningomyelocele

26
Q

malformation of the anterior neural tube resulting in NO forebrain, open calvarium

A

anencephaly

27
Q

what are the clinical findings in anencephaly

A

increased AFP, polyhydramnios, assoc with maternal diabetes type 1 and maternal folate supplementation helps to decreased risk

28
Q

what is holoprosencephaly

A

failure of the left and the right hemispheres to separate’ usually weeks 5-6

29
Q

what is the mutations associated with holoprosencephaly

A

sonic hedgehock signaling patways

30
Q

what is arnold chiariri malforamtion

A

signiciant herniation of cerebellar tonsils and vermis through the foramen magnum with aqueduct stenosis and hydrocephalus which often presents with lumbosacral myelomeningocele and paralysis below the defect

31
Q

what are the clinical associations with dandy walker syndrome

A

hydrocephalus and spinabifida

32
Q

what is dandy walker syndrome

A

agenesis of cerebellar vermis with cystic enlargement of the 4th ventricle (fills the enlarged posterior fossa)

33
Q

a cystic cavity (syrinx) within the spinal cord)

A

syringomyelia

34
Q

what is the loss from a syringomyelia

A

cape-like bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in the UPPER extremities but FINE touch sensation is preserved

35
Q

where is the most common region for a syringomyelia

A

C8-T1

36
Q

what is syringomyelia associated with

A

chiari 1 malformation

37
Q

what arches help contribut to the tongue innervation

A

1st and 2nd branchial arches

38
Q

sensation to tongue anterior 2/3

A

CN V3

39
Q

tast to anterior 2/3

A

Cn VII

40
Q

3rd and 4th branchial arches help innervate and sensate the

A

posterior 1/3 of tonugue ( Cn IX, and X)

41
Q

muscles of the tongue are derived from

A

occipital myotomes

42
Q

the taste receptors synapse in what nucleus

A

solitary nucleus

43
Q

nerves responsible for pain to the tongue

A

CN V3, IX, and X