neurology - conditions Flashcards
what conditions can arise from problems with the motor cortex?
hemiplegia
dysphasia
dyshpagia
dysarthria
where does loss of co ordination occur from?
the cerebellum
can cause ataxia - intention tremor and cerebellar gait
what is bradykinesia?
increased tone and slowness of action
tremor
problem of basal ganglia
what are two type of stroke?
TIA
completed stroke
what are some signs of a previous stroke?
hemiplegia hemianopia dysarthria/dysphasia dyshpagia cognitive impairment dyspraxia confusion seizure spasticity
what are some signs of parkinsons disease?
bradykinesia rigidity resting tremor festination mask like face
what is cerebellar ataxia?
broad based stance with truncal instability during walking
falls to either side
irregular steps
feet lifted too high
what is intention tremor?
coarse low frequency oscillation
increases in amplitude as reaching endpoint of deliberate movement
what is resting tremor?
not associated with voluntary movement
occurs in a body part supported against gravity
pin rolling action of hand
what is essential tremor?
voluntary action
not associated with any other neurological action
tremor may occur maintaining posture, moving a limb or purposeful movement towards a target
what is festination?
quickening and shortening of normal gait seen in parkinsons
makes patient appear to be in a hurry = very inefficient way of moving
signs of bradkykinesia?
mask like face
loss of arm swing
festination
difficulty initiating and stopping an action
what is spasticity?
hypertonia or stiffness of muscles
common in patients recovering from stroke
flexated adducted upper limb and extended lower limb with foot drop
untreated can lead to fixed deformity
what is an automatism?
automatic repetitive involuntary behaviour
lip smaking chewing swallowing grasping skin rubbing
