Neurology Flashcards
most common gene mutation seen in Charcot-Marie-Tooth
PMP22 duplication
Clinical findings in CMT
- foot drop
- inverted bottle appearance to lower extremities
- sensory and motor deficits
genetics of Dystrophinopathies
- X-linked recessive
- mutation in the gene encoding dystrophin
Gower’s sign
child uses arms to stand up from a squatted position
Lhermitte’s syndrome
paraesthesia in limbs on neck flexion - seen in MS
presentation of a fixed, dilated pupil, unresponsive to light as well as ptosis means which cranial nerve is affected?
third cranial nerve
first-line management of post-herpetic neuralgia
NICE recommend using amitriptyline, duloxetine, gabapentin or pregabalin first-line.
Don’t - Duloxetine
Get - Gabapentin
Pain - Pregabalin
Again - Amitriptyline
which blood test can differentiate between true seizure and a pseudoseizure
prolactin
first line investigations for patients with a suspected diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma
audiogram and gadolinium-enhanced MRI head scan
management of status epilepticus
Oh My Lord Phone the Anaesthetist!
Oh –– Oxygen (after checking ABC)
My –– Midazolam (buccal; or rectal diazepam; or IV lorazepam)
Lord –– Lorazepam (IV)
Phone –– Phenytoin (infusion IV)
the Anaesthetist –– Rapid induction anaesthesia
cape-like loss of pain and temperature sensation
Syringomyelia:
- compression of the spinothalamic tract fibres decussating in the anterior white commissure of the spine
Brown-Sequard syndrome
- caused by damage to one-half of the spinal cord
- results in paralysis and loss of proprioception on the same side as the lesion
- loss of pain and temperature sensation on the opposite side as the lesion.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome can present with:
PORTS:
Pain Oedema Restriction of Movement Temperature/ colour change Stiffness
Management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
- early physiotherapy is important
- neuropathic analgesia in-line with NICE guidelines
- specialist management (e.g. Pain team) is required
most common underlying cause of TIA
atrial fibrillation
Patients with raised ICP may exhibit Cushing’s triad, which is:
- widening pulse pressure
- bradycardia
- irregular breathing
what is an increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma GT) suggestive of
excess alcohol consumption
first-line for spasticity in multiple sclerosis
baclofen and gabapentin
neurological manifestation of sarcoidosis
facial nerve palsy
most important causes of status epilepticus to rule out immediately
hypoxia and hypoglycaemia
which anti-emetic is most appropriate for someone with Parkinson’s
Domperidone
what is a crescendo TIA
two or more TIAs within a week
which intracranial bleed can be associated with a fracture of the temporal bone?
extradural haemorrhage
which intracranial bleed can be associated with cocaine use and sickle cell anaemia?
subarachnoid haemorrhage
what is multiple sclerosis?
a chronic cell-mediated autoimmune disorder causing demyelination in the central nervous system
two key phrases of sixth nerve palsy
internuclear ophthalmoplegia & conjugate lateral gaze disorder
what can be detected in a lumbar puncture of an MS patient
oligoclonal bands in the CSF
long-term prophylaxis of cluster headaches
verapamil
clinical features of normal pressure hydrocephalus
‘wet, wobbly and whacky’
urinary incontinence, gait ataxia, and dementia
