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Neurology Shelf Exam > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Uncooked pork

A

Neurocysticercosis

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2
Q

Anti-GAD antibodies

A

Stiff Person Syndrome

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3
Q

Aqua-porin 4 antibodies

A

Neuromyelitis Optica

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4
Q

Anti-GQ1b antibodies

A

Miller Fischer Variant of GBS

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5
Q

Acetylcholine antibodies

A

Myasthenia Gravis

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6
Q

Voltage Gated Ca Channel antibodies

A

Lambert-Eaton

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7
Q

Stiff neck, can’t move eyes up/down, hallucinations

A

Progressive Supra Nuclear Palsy

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8
Q

Morning headaches, cold winter months, new house

A

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

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9
Q

MS Pregnancy Rx

A

Glatiramir

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10
Q

Polydipsia, polyurea, CN palsy (3) that is pupil sparing

A

Type 1 Diabetes

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11
Q

Proximal leg weakness + decreased grip strength

A

Inclusion Body Myositis

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12
Q

DX steps for Temporal Arteritis

A

steroids THEN biopsy

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13
Q

Vitamin Deficiency - confusion, confabulation, 6th nerve palsy

A

Thiamine (B1)

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14
Q

Vit. Def. - 3D’s = dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis

A

Niacin (B3)

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15
Q

Vit. Def. - fatigue, memory loss, proprioception loss, macrocytic anemia

A

Cobalamin (B12)

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16
Q

Vit. Def. - neuropathy, anemia, cracked lips, swollen tongue

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

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17
Q

Vit. Def. - fatigue, weakness, lethargy, pale skin, SOB, irritability, neural tube defects

A

Folate (B9)

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18
Q

Vit. Def. - idiopathic intracranial HTN

A

A (surplus)

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19
Q

Vit. Def. - bone density, depression, autoimmune disease

A

D

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20
Q

Vit. Def. - neuropathy, ataxia, muscle weakness

A

E

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21
Q

Min. Def. - microcytic anemia, restless legs, crave ice

A

Iron

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22
Q

CN Abn - Kleinfelter’s, craniopharengioma

A

1

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23
Q

CN Abn - optic neuritis (MS, lupus, NMO)

A

2

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24
Q

CN Abn - pupil sparing, can’t move eye up/down

A

3 (diabetes)

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25
Q

CN Abn - can’t move eye up/down

A

PCOM aneurysm

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26
Q

CN Abn - VZV, HSV

A

5

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27
Q

CN Abn - Thiamine deficiency, B12

A

6

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28
Q

CN Abn - Bell’s Palsy

A

7

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29
Q

CN Abn - Acoustic Neuroma, superfical siderosis

A

8

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30
Q

STROKE: contralateral pure motor or combined sensorimotor deficits

A

internal capsule

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31
Q

STROKE: loss of pain/temperature ipsilateral face and contralateral body; ipsilateral bulbar muscle weakness; Horner Syndrome

A

lateral medullary (PICA)

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32
Q

STROKE: ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy; ataxia; contralateral hemiparesis

A

midbrain

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33
Q

STROKE: contralateral sensory loss; hemiparesis; cortical signs (aphasia, agnosia)

A

postcentral gyrus (ACA, MCA)

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34
Q

STROKE: contralateral hemiparesis; sensory loss; conjugate gaze palsy towards lesion

A

putamen/internal capsule

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35
Q

Most common site of hypertensive intraparenchymal brain hemorrhage

A

putamen (internal capsule is nearby so is usually involved)

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36
Q

STROKE: pure sensory; contralateral loss of all sensory modalities;

A

posterolateral thalamus (usually a lacunar stroke)

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37
Q

Arterial supply associated with lacunar infarct in thalamus

A

Small branches of PCA

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38
Q

1st line pharmacotherapy for RLS

A

dopamine agonists: pramipexole, ropinirole, rotigotine, cabergoline, levodopa with carbidopa

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39
Q

Order for carpal tunnel treatment

A
  1. night splint
  2. injection with steroid
  3. nerve decompression surgery
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40
Q

organophosphate poisoning that results in increased __________ activity

A

acetylcholine

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41
Q

treatment for organophosphate poisoning

A

atropine and pralidoxime

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42
Q

causes of organophosphate poisoning

A

nerve gas, insecticide, herbicide, industrial chemicals

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43
Q

gastric motility drug that will cause parkinson symptoms

A

metoclopramide

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44
Q

The pelvic and shoulder girdle muscles are most commonly affected. Other muscles, e.g., the neck flexors, may also be affected.
Leads to difficulties combing hair, standing up, and climbing stairs.

A

polymyositis

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45
Q

triceps + neck involvement =

A

cervical nerve root problem

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46
Q

bilateral schwanommas

A

NMF2

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47
Q

taking isoniazid? vit. deficiency leading to neuropathy…

A

b6 (pyridoxine)

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48
Q

s/e of ethambutol

A

eye stuff

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49
Q

1st line = Alzheimer

A

donepezil/physostigmine (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor)

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50
Q

2nd line = Alzheimer

A

memantine (NMDA antagonist)

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51
Q

motor neuron degeneration

A

ALS

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52
Q

1st line = dystonia

A

anticholinergic

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53
Q

bilateral temporal hemianopia

A

pituitary adenoma

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54
Q

lead poisoning (ABCDE)

A 
anemia (microcytic)
basophilic stippling
constipation
drop (foot/wrist)
encephalopathy
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55
Q

autoimmune disorder of the basal ganglia

A

sydenham chorea

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56
Q

emotional lability + tic like movements (acute)

A

sydenham chorea

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57
Q

spinal compression tx

A

IV steroids

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58
Q

hasn’t peed =

A

cord compression (give steroids!!)

59
Q

meyers loop

A

part of nerve in temporal lobe (eyes)

60
Q

pie in the sky

A

top left/right portion of visual field missing (temporal lobe)

61
Q

hearing loss + other facial nerve stuff

A

acoustic neuroma

62
Q

multiple ring enhancing lesions + HIV

A

TOXO

63
Q

tx for vertebral/carotid dissection =

A

heparin

64
Q

normal rinne (ear) + abnormal weber (forehead)=

A

sensorineural hearing loss (think about acoustic neuroma)

65
Q

RA + Down Syndrome = pre-op xrays for…

A

upper cervical spine (atlantoaxial instability)

66
Q

headache + bitemporal hemianopsia think…

A

pituitary gland mass

67
Q

risperidone

A

dopamine

68
Q

lead pipe rigidity

A

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

69
Q

specks of calcium + pituitary mass

A

craniopharyngioma

70
Q

pituitary mass + urinary frequency

A

craniopharyngioma

71
Q

encephalopathy + icterus + asterixis

A

hepatic encephalopathy

72
Q

chronic GBS (year +) think…

A

poliomyelitis

73
Q

% considered “high grade” for aortic stenosis

A

70

74
Q

stroke + urinary incontinence

A

ACA

75
Q

Niemann Pick vs Tay Sachs

A

NP: cherry red macula, areflexia, hepatosplenomegaly (sphingo)

TS: cherry red macula, hyperreflexia (beta a)

76
Q

Cauda equina vs. conus medularis

A

CE: radicular pain (radiating), saddle anesthesia, asymm. weakness, hypo/areflexia

CM: back pain, perianal anesthesia, symm. weakness, hyperreflexia

77
Q

First line therapy for sciatica

A

NSAIDS

78
Q

rapidly presenting + severe symptoms + ischemic stroke =

A

cardioembolic (probably some heart disease as well)

79
Q

amarosis fugax think…

A

ipsilateral internal carotid

80
Q

tilt test negative

A

NOT vasovagal

81
Q

shaving and pass out…

A

carotid sinus hypersensitivity

82
Q

tx for hepatic encephalopathy

A

lactulose

83
Q

McArdle Syndrome

A

little bouts of rhabdo

84
Q

glycogen storage + autosomal recessive + acute rhabdo

A

McArdle Syndrome

85
Q

hard, thick nerve =

A

leprosy

86
Q

the biggest arch EVER

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

87
Q

stroke + pupil dilation problems

A

PCA

88
Q

REM sleep d/o dx

A

polysomnography

89
Q

axillary nerve

A

deltoid

90
Q

long thoracic nerve

A

winged scapula

91
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A

brachialis + biceps

92
Q

dorsal hand, wrist drop

A

radial

93
Q

give b1 to alcoholics prevent…

A

wernickes (anterograde amnesia)

94
Q

AMS + ataxia + ophthalmoplegia

A

wernickes

95
Q

most common cause of noncongenital hearing loss

A

CMV

96
Q

toxo tx

A

sulfadiazine-sulfamethoxaloe

97
Q

single ring enhancing lesion + HIV

A

think cns lymphoma vs. toxo
tx toxo
still sx – brain bx

98
Q

cns lymphoma tx

A

methotrexate

99
Q

mesolimbic pathway

A

antipsychotic effect (decreased - therapeutic; increased - euphoria)

100
Q

nigrostriatal pathway

A

extrapyramidal symptoms (decreased - Parkinsons; increased - movement d/o)

101
Q

tuberoinfundibular pathway

A

hyperprolactinemia (increased - prevents prolactin release; decreased - increased prolactin)

102
Q

Self mutilation + chorea + hyper reflexes in a child think…

A

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

103
Q

star on CT

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage (berry aneurysm)

104
Q

uncal herniation can cause…

A

oculomotor nerve palsy

105
Q

uti + delirium think…

A

metabolic encephalopathy

106
Q

ipsilateral sensory face + contralateral sensory body think…

A

PICA (lateral medullary)

107
Q

Weber =

A

ipsilateral CN3 palsy + contralateral hemiplegia (medial midbrain); acoustic neuroma

108
Q

Benedikt =

A

ipsilateral CN 3 palsy + contralateral ataxia (paramedian midbrain); pineal tumor

109
Q

neurogenic bladder =

A

overflow incontinence

110
Q

vision stuff + homemade liquor

A

methanol

111
Q

sensory problems that stop at midline think…

A

conversion disorder

112
Q

macrocytic anemia + no FND + more common…

A

B9

113
Q

gait problems + tongue problems think…

A

tumor of foramen magnum

114
Q

hypertension + retinal hemorrhage

A

nimodipine (or nifedipine)

115
Q

EBV DNA in CSF

A

CNS lymphoma

116
Q

decreased grip strength + swallow problems + facial weakness in a 12-30 y/o

A

myotonic muscular dystrophy

117
Q

ataxia + AMS + eye stuff =

A

Wernickes encephalopathy

118
Q

ataxia + AMS + eye stuff + amnesia + confabulation =

A

Korsakoffs

119
Q

loss of pain/temperature + weakness + areflexia in upper limbs think…

A

cervical cord/syrinx

120
Q

loss of pain/temperature + weakness + areflexia + paralysis think…

A

anterior cord syndrome (spinal shock)

121
Q

Wilson disease dx…

A

serum ceruloplasmin (blood) + Kayser-Fleischer rings (eye)

122
Q

1st step for MG

A

ct of chest (THYMOMA)

123
Q

lancating back pain + dribbling urine + ataxia + pupils think…

A

neurosyphilis

124
Q

tx for neurosyphilis

A

IV penicillin

125
Q

ANYTHING THAT IS CEREBELLAR THINK…

A

ipsilateral

126
Q

1st line for cancer pain (mild) =

A

NSAIDS

127
Q

2nd line for cancer pain (refractory) =

A

short-acting opioids

128
Q

3rd line for cancer pain (refractory/severe) =

A

long-acting opioids + short for breakthrough pain

129
Q

conduction aphasia =

A

articulate fasiculus

130
Q

muscle wasting + balding + testicular atrophy + v shaped upper lip =

A

Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy

131
Q

Lower Motor Neuron Sx

A

Muscle atrophy, fasiculations, weakness, hypotonia, hyporeflexia

132
Q

Upper Motor Neuron Sx

A

Spasticity, brisk reflexes, Babinski sign

133
Q

Sympathetics make pupils…

A

big

134
Q

Parasympathetics make pupils…

A

small

135
Q

Sympathetic =

A

fight or flight

136
Q

Parasympathetic =

A

rest and digest

137
Q

Diplopia worse when reading/walking downstairs =

A

CN 4

138
Q

Superior oblique lesion –

A

trouble looking down

139
Q

Inferior oblique lesion –

A

trouble looking up

140
Q

Lesions to the MLF lead to…

A

internuclear ophthalmoplegia

141
Q

Intraparenchymal hemorrhages think….

A

Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysm

142
Q

brachioradialis + triceps

A

radial

143
Q

give b2 to kids for….

A

headaches + migraines

Neurology Shelf Exam (1 decks)

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