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Med 3 > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Communicates impulses between the brain & spinal cord

Regulates heartbeat, consciousness, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing

A

Medulla oblongata

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2
Q

Zero order kinetics
Cerebellar atrophy
Gum hypertrophy

A

Phenytoin

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3
Q

Sedation
Dependence
Diplopia/Ataxia

A

Phenobarbital

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4
Q

Weight gain
Hair loss
Tremor
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

A

Valproate

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5
Q

Breakdown product of hemoglobin, which rapidly lyses upon entry into CSF, first to oxyhemoglobin (pink) and later to bilirubin (yellow)

A

Xanthochromia

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6
Q

absence seizures and not effective for other types of seizures

A

ethosuximide

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7
Q

Myelinated and unmyelinated types: more peripheral
Light touch and pain
Temperature
Autonomic information

A

Small Axons

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8
Q

Normally myelinated.
Proprioception
Vibration
Light touch

A

medium and large axons

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9
Q

Communicates impulses between hemispheres of the cerebellum

A

pons

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10
Q

Communicates impulses between the spinal cord & thalamus

A

midbrain

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11
Q

Regulates movement of eyes in relationship to visual stimuli, movement of head & trunk in relationship to auditory stimuli

A

midbrain

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12
Q

Regulates breathing (along with medulla oblongata), sleep, eye-control, bladder-control

A

pons

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13
Q

Responsible for coordinating skilled movements, posture, and balance.
activates or inhibits motor function

A

cerebellum

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14
Q

Executive function & problem solving.
Ability to plan.
Impulse control & ability to understand consequence

A

frontal lobe

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15
Q

Language (Broca’s area)
Motor control (precentral gyrus)
personality
memory

A

frontal lobe

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16
Q

Sensation – touch, proprioception, pain, temperature
Mathematical skills
Spatial Perception

A

parietal lobe

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17
Q

Comprehension of written words or speech

Understanding what that means

A

Wernicke’s Area (Temporal Lobe)

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18
Q

Understand whats going on but cant get words out
Common frontal lobe stroke
Damage to this area can cause expressive aphasia, which is inability to express words fluently or think of the right words for proper communication

A

Broca’s Area (Frontal Lobe)

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19
Q

Numerous, inherited diseases causing progressive mm weakness and wasting first in pelvic and shoulder girdle PROXIMAL. EMG/NCS can confirm muscle dx, not neurogenic

A

Muscular dystrophies

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20
Q

Polymyositis
Dermatomyositis
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Metabolic myopathies

A

Autoimmune myositis and myopathy attack muscle tissue

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21
Q

treat alcohol withdrawal with

A

BZDs

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22
Q

give alcoholics this when they come into the er

A

thiamine IV, prevent Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

also rehydration

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23
Q

somnolence, pupillary constriction, decreased respirations, track marks on the arms

A

opioids

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24
Q

what 4 parts make up the diencephalon

A

Epithalamus /pineal glad
Thalamus
Subthalamus
Hypothalamus

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25
Q

Controls pituitary hormone secretion

A

hypothalmus

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26
Q

Relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex

A

thalmus

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27
Q

Control center for many functions of autonomic nervous system

A

hypothalmus

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28
Q

Aids in controlling sleep & awake states of consciousness

A

thalmus

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29
Q

Most important structure for communication of sensory, motor, and other information between the hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

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30
Q

Controls body temperature & eating/drinking behaviors

A

hypothalmus

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31
Q

Melatonin hormone production, which influences sleep/wake cycles, melatonin

A

Epithalamus/Pineal Gland

32
Q

Involved in emotions, memory, cognition, and awareness

A

thalmus

33
Q

Aids in maintaining homeostasis including blood pressure, temperature, and fluid balance

A

hypothalmus

34
Q

Large role in formation of memories

A

limbic system

35
Q

hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, olfactory bulb, and many others

A

limbic system

36
Q

Smell, emotion, and ________

A

limbic system

37
Q

group of structures that govern emotion & behavior

A

limbic system

38
Q

only save antiemetics that wont make med induced parkinsons

A

Ondansetron and Domperidone

39
Q

only save anti-psychotics that wont make med induced parkinsons

A

Seroquel and Clozapine

40
Q

Sudden onset fever and rigidity

A

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)- life threatening
Most commonly seen with initiation and dose changes
Hyperthermia, rigidity, mental status changes, high CPK

41
Q

treat Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A

levodopa

42
Q

The most common cause of ataxia

the loss of full control of bodily movements.

A

toxic (medications, ETOH)

43
Q

acute ataxia

A

stroke, drugs, hydrocephalus, migraine (mostly in children), infectious (VZV)

44
Q

subacute ataxia

A

tumors, post-infectious, vasculitis, drugs

45
Q

chronic ataxia

A

alcoholism, drugs, paraneoplastic, Multiple sclerosis.

46
Q

__________ is beneficial to a number of conditions, including PD, Essential tremor, and Dystonia. Also Tics, OCD, Depression

A

deep brain stimulation

47
Q

botulinum toxin injections for

A

spasticity and dystonia

48
Q

spasmodic jerky contraction of groups of muscles.

A

myoclonus

49
Q

symptoms of increased intracranial pressure begin at

A

20 mmHg

50
Q

Brain capillaries surrounded by ________(lipid), this is important why

A

glial cells

lipid containing drugs get across the BBB

51
Q

WHAT DOES THE CAUDA EQUINA DO

A

Provides sensory innervation to the
saddle area
motor innervation to the sphincters parasympathetic innervation to the bladder and lower bowel

52
Q

spinal tract that deals with Pain, Temperature

A

spinothalamic

53
Q

spinal tract that deals with Vibration, Proprioception up to brain

A

Dorsal Column

54
Q

spinal tract that deals with Proprioception for coordination

A

Spinocerebellar

55
Q

Skeletal Muscle, controls motor of arms, legs, trunk

A

Corticospinal

56
Q

Brain →Cranial Nerves; controls eyes, face, tongue, speech

A

Corticobulbar

57
Q

Combination of 5 different tracts for precise movements of skeletal muscles, muscle tone, head mvmt, & reflexes

A

Extrapyramidal tracts

58
Q

which three spinal collumns can be clinically assessed?

A

Lateral corticospinal tract
Spinothalamic tract
Dorsal Columns

59
Q

Test: Voluntary muscle contraction or involuntary response to painful stimuli
which collumn?

A

Corticospinal

60
Q

Test: Pinprick & light touch

which collumn?

A

Spinothalamic

61
Q

test: Position sense in toes & fingers, vibration sense using tuning fork
which collumn?

A

Dorsal Columns

62
Q

poor comprehension, fluent speech, often meaningless

A

wernickes

63
Q

good comprehension, non-fluent speech

A

brocos

64
Q

no repetition, good comprehension and output

A

conductive aphasia

65
Q

suspect MS in a young patient presenting with

A

trigeminal neuralgia

66
Q

Fasiculations in PNS or CNS dx

A

PNS

67
Q

Abnormal flexion

A

Decorticate

68
Q

Abnormal extension

A

Decerebrate

69
Q

Test of choice to evaluate brain & spinal cord lesions or injury

A

MRI

70
Q

____ should be done on every patient with altered mental status

A

UA

UTIs in elderly

71
Q

these indications for which test
Diagnosis of bacterial, fungal, mycobacterial, and viral CNS infections
Evaluation of subarachnoid hemorrhage
Evaluation of CNS malignancies, demyelinating diseases, and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

A

LP

72
Q

assesses muscles and motor nerves by measuring electrical signals transmitted by motor neurons

A

Electromyography (EMG)

73
Q

Sudden onset dizziness

A

cerebellar stroke

74
Q

used to evaluate Numbness/Tingling

Muscle weakness, pain, or cramping

A

EMG

75
Q

causes diffuse
cerebral dysfunction without focal
features. The pupils are small but
reactive.

A

toxic and metabolic

76
Q

tx and prevention of cluster HA

A

Tx: 10% 02
Prevent: Verapamil

Med 3 (2 decks)

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