Neurology

Question 1

Pseudobulbar Palsy

Answer 1

Inability to control facial movements. Patients experience difficulty chewing and swallowing, have increased reflexes and spasticity in tongue and the bulbar region, and demonstrate slurred speech, sometimes also demonstrating uncontrolled emotional outbursts.

Question 2

Cataplexy

Answer 2

Sudden loss of muscle tone. Common in Narcolepsy. Can be treated with SNRI, TCA, or GHB (date rape drug).

Question 3

Confabulation

Answer 3

Patients offer implausible explanations in a sincere, forthcoming, and typically jovial manner. Common in Wernicke-Korsakoff, Anton Sydrome, and anosognosia.

Question 4

Huntington’s Disease

Answer 4

CAG of the huntington gene. Atrophy of the caudate and putamen

Question 5

Lewy Body Dementia

Answer 5

Lewy bodies made of alpha-synuclein; No tremor, but masked facies, rigidity, bradykinesia; Visual hallucinations. Very sensitive to EPS from antipsychotics

Question 6

Frontotemporal Dementia

Answer 6

Men in the 50s; Autosomal Dominant; Frontal and anterior temporal lobes are atrophic. Parietal is preserved; ACh levels are normal; Plaques and tangles are uncommon.

Question 7

Pick’s Disease

Answer 7

Varian ot FTD; Pick Bodies on silver stain

Question 8

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Answer 8

Parkinsonism (without tremor); Axial rigidity (straight spine); Cannot look vertically and later to look laterally; Fall going down stairs; Masked face is more of a “startle” look

Question 9

Vascular Dementia

Answer 9

Step-wise deterioration;

Question 10

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Answer 10

CSF can’t be reabsorbed.; Dementia, urinary incontinence, and gait apraxia. Treat with shunt and they improve

Question 11

Wernicke-Korsakoff

Answer 11

Ophthalmoplegia, ataxis, and acute confusion; Retrograde and anterograde amnesia; Lack of B1

Question 12

Neurosyphilis

Answer 12

Treponema Pallidum (know what it looks like); RPR and VDRL

Question 13

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

Answer 13

Measles as a kid; Myoclonus is hallmark; Get CSF measles antibody titer; Cowdry bodies

Question 14

Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease

Answer 14

Dementia and myoclunus; Die in 6 months to a year; Prior protein;

Question 15

Lyme Disease

Answer 15

Can cause dementia; Borrelia burgdorferi;

Question 16

Nonfluent aphasia

Answer 16

Paucity of speech; Lesion in Broca’s Area; Likely occlusion of the MCA;

Question 17

Broca’s Aphasia (nonfluent)

Answer 17

Can’t repeat words but can understand words

Question 18

Global Aphasia

Answer 18

Loss of comprehension and repetition;

Question 19

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 19

Loss of comprehension, naming and repetition; Conversation is unintelligible; CVA in temporoparietal region;

Question 20

Conduction Aphasia

Answer 20

Damage to arcuate fasciculus; Fluent and retain comprehension but can’t repeat short sentences or phrases.

Question 21

Alexia

Answer 21

Cannot read but can understand speech; Can transcribe another person’s dictation but then can’t read what they wrote;

Question 22

Apraxia

Answer 22

Inability to execute learned actions despite normal strength, sensation, and coordination;

Question 23

Non-Dominant Hemisphere Syndrome

Answer 23

Ignores left side of their body.

Question 24

Anosognosia

Answer 24

Inability to acknowledge a physical deficit.

Question 25

Aprosody

Answer 25

Inability to recognize emotional aspects of other’s speech. Looks like it means to not have these things as well.