Neurology Flashcards
Name 3 differentials for cervical ventroflexion in cats
Hypokalemia
Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency
Hyperthyroidism
Polymyositis
Organophosphate toxicity
Clinical exam findings with Horner’s syndrome
Ptosis
Enophthalmos
Miosis
Elevation of third eyelid
Confirmatory test for diagnosis of rabies
IFA on brainstem
Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers?
3, 7, 9, 10
Name one chemotherapeutic which can cause a polyneuropathy
Vincristine (also cisplatin)
Mechanism of action of cytarabine
Antimetabolite chemotherapeutic (incorporates into DNA, inhibiting synthesis during S-phase)
What does phenobarbital decrease the effect of?
Prednisone/steroids
Regarding discospondylitis, all of the following are true EXCEPT:
A) Affects the cervical spine most commonly
B) Affects dogs & cats
C) Affects multiple sites
D) Can be associated with meningitis
A (affects LS most commonly)
Most common route of Clostridium tetani infection
Penetrating wound
Which of the following tests would be most specific for diagnosis of T. gondii in a cat with neurological signs?
A) Oocysts in fess
B) IgM >1:64 in CSF
C) IgG >1:64 in serum
D) Blood culture
B
What is the most common infectious cause of discospondylitis?
Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp (Staph pseud or aureus)
Which virus causes cerebellar hypoplasia in cats (when infected in-utero)
Feline parvovirus
Structure responsible for absorption of CSF
Arachnoid villi
Structure which produces CSF
Choroid plexus
Oral treatment for myasthenia gravis
Pyridostigmine
Dog circling to the left with right-sided proprioceptive deficits. Localize the lesion
Left cerebrothalamus
What % of animals that have cerebrovascular accidents are hypertensive?
30%
Patient with dropped jaw but otherwise normal neurological exam. Which nerve is affected?
Trigeminal nerve- mandibular branch
Bulldog with episodic head tremors which can be stopped by feeding. Diagnosis?
Idiopathic head tremor syndrome
Most sensitive diagnostic for chronic masticatory myositis
2M antibodies
Young boxer with neck pain and suspected SRMA. Neutrophilic pleocytosis on CSF. What test can be used to support the diagnosis?
CSF IgA levels
A young dog presents with acute-onset mydriasis, urine dribbling, ataxia, hypothermia. Most likely cause?
THC toxicity
Mechanism of action of botulism toxin
Inhibition of Ach release from presynaptic nerve terminal
What is contraindicated in the management of head trauma?
Glucocorticoids
What does cranial nerve 3 innervate?
Pupillary sphincter
Extraocular muscles (ventral oblique, dorsal/medial/ventral rectus)
Levator palpebrae
What triggers release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic membrane?
Influx of Ca2+
Mechanism of action of tetanus toxin
Inhibits release of inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA, glycine)
What type of cholinergic receptors are present on the heart?
M2
What type of cholinergic receptors are present in the bladder and GI smooth muscle?
M3
How does hyperkalemia affect nerve excitability?
Increases excitability
Mechanism of action of strychnine toxicity
Blocks release of glycine (inhibitory NT) in the brain and spinal cord
Mechanism of action of bromethalin toxicity
Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to edema formation
Mechanism of action of Bracken fern toxicity
Thiaminase
Mechanism of action of pyrethrins
Prolongs Na+ influx, slows K+ efflux
Mechanism of action of organophosphate toxicity
Irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase
Which of the follow antibiotics does not cross the BBB:
A) Doxycycline
B) Fluoroquinolones
C) Sulfonamides
D) Clindamycin
D) Clindamycin
Which of the following chemotherapeutics does not cross the BBB:
A) Temozolomide
B) CCNU
C) Doxorubicin
D) Hydroxyurea
C
Most common vessel for CVA in dogs
Rostral cerebellar artery
Most common primary brain tumor in dogs and cats
Meningioma
Most common secondary brain tumor in dogs
Hemangiosarcoma
Most common secondary brain tumor in cats
Lymphoma
Treatment for dog that presents with acute obtundation, bradycardia, hypertension, miotic pupils
Hypertonic saline or mannitol
% of paraplegic DPP dogs with IVDD that will return to normal neurologic function with medical management
60%
% of paraplegic deep pain negative dogs with IVDE that will return to normal neurological function with surgical decompression
60%
3y Miniature Schnauzer presenting with peracute onset non-ambulatory paraparesis (worse on the left), non painful on spinal palpation. Most likely diagnosis?
FCEM
What type of hypersensitivity is involved in IMPA?
Type III
Which of the following is not associated with a polymyopathy:
A) Hypothyroidism
B) Neosporosis
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Cushing’s disease
C
Tick species (2) associated with tick paralysis
Dermacentor
Ixodes
Snake associated with elapid snake envenomation in North America
Coral snakes (Eastern and Texas)
Dog with unilateral Horner’s. 1% phenylephrine is applied to the affected eye, resulting in pupillary dilation in 30 minutes. Where is the lesion located?
2nd order (pre-ganglionic)
