Neurology

Question 1

What score on the MMSE indicates cognitive impairment?

Answer 1

21 or less (max score is 30)

Question 2

What score on the MOCA indicates mild impairment?

Answer 2

18-25

Question 3

What score on the MOCA indicates moderate impairment?

Answer 3

10-17

Question 4

What score on the MOCA indicates severe impairment?

Answer 4

<10

Question 5

What are the signs of decorticate injury?

Answer 5

stiff, bent arms and clenched fists

Question 6

What are the signs of decerebrate injury?

Answer 6

arms/legs straight out

Question 7

What S&S show early Parkinson’s?

Answer 7

Tremors, rigidity and bradykinesia

Question 8

What S&S show worsening Parkinson’s?

Answer 8

Blank expression
Drooling
Weight loss
sleeping difficulty
Shuffling gait
impaired speech/postural reflexes

Question 9

Parkinson’s definition?

Answer 9

Basal ganglia CNS degeneration

Question 10

What are the 3 hallmark signs of Parkinson’s that typically lead to diagnosis?

Answer 10

Bradykinesia
Rigidity
Tremor at rest

Question 11

What are commonly seen tbi examples?

Answer 11

Postauricular ecchymosis (battle’s sign)
otorrhea (CSF fluid out of ear)
Periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon eyes)
Hemotympanum (blood in ear canal)
Nuchal rigidity (stiff neck)

Question 12

what is the purpose of tPA?

Answer 12

tissue plasminogen activator that stimulates the breakdown of the clot through plasminogen stimulation

Question 13

A normal ICP range is

Answer 13

<15mmHg

Question 14

Earliest sign of ICP is

Answer 14

Decreased LOC

Question 15

Earliest symptom of ICP

Answer 15

headache

Question 16

What can ICP be increased by

Answer 16

Bleed, trauma, hydrocephalus, tumours, inflammation

Question 17

what is CPP

Answer 17

the pressure needed to drive oxygen to cerebral tissue

Question 18

What is cushings triad

Answer 18

increased BP
Decreased pp
irregular RR

Question 19

What are the prodromal S&S of a seizure

Answer 19

Mood changes
insomnia
smells/vision changes

Question 20

What are the postictal S&S of a seizure

Answer 20

headache
LOC changes
Impaired speech/thought

Question 21

Clonic

Answer 21

stiffening and relaxing of a muscle that occurs repetitively

Question 22

Tonic

Answer 22

Vigor or strength

Question 23

Autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 23

injury that causes the misfiring of the ANS

Question 24

S&S of AD

Answer 24

sudden HTN
diaphoresis
headache
bradycardia

Question 25

S&S of SIADH

Answer 25

weak
muscle cramps
weight gain
confusion
personality changes
extreme muscle weakness
hyponatremia

Question 26

DI S&S

Answer 26

polydipsia
polyuria
hypernatremia

Question 27

tests for stroke

Answer 27

Non contrast CT

Question 28

tests for Parkinson’s

Answer 28

MOCA

Question 29

tests for tbi

Answer 29

history
CT

Question 30

Plan of care for Parkinson’s

Answer 30

move slowly
increase fluid intake to 2000mL/day
provide small frequent meals

Question 31

Plan of care for TBI

Answer 31

ensure airway
maintain CPP
prevent ICP
maintain patient safety
do not overstimulate
administer medications on time as prescribed

Question 32

Plan of care for stroke

Answer 32

monitor for seizures
maintain BP of 150/100

Question 33

Plan of care for ICP

Answer 33

HOB at 30-45
limit fluid intake to 1200mL/day

Question 34

what kind of meds are appropriate for ICP

Answer 34

antihypertensives
antipyretics
corticosteroids
anti seizure

Question 35

Care for AD

Answer 35

linens wrinkle free under patient
unnecessary pressure on lower limbs
turn and reposition every 2 hours