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AMCMCQ - Ana > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Central inability to either form or understand language

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2
Q

What is the broca aphasia?

A

Motor aphasia, nonfluent
Patient can not correctly speak or understand language
Patient is aware and frustated
Impaired repetition

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3
Q

What is the Wernicke aphasia?

A

Sensory aphasia, fluent
Patient can speak fluently but lacks sense
Cant comprehend
Usually unaware
Impaired repetition

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4
Q

What is global aphasia?

A

Broca + wernicke + arcuate fasciculous

Mute or babbling patient, cant comprehend speech, nonfluent

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5
Q

What is conduction aphasia?

A

Involves the arcuate fasciculus

Fluent
Comprehension and speech production

Impaired repetition with paraphasia (patient transpose sounds and try to correct their mistakes), aware

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6
Q

What is anomic aphasia?

A

Not on a specific brain location
Isolated difficulty on finding the right words

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7
Q

What is transcortical aphasia?

A

Brain damage results in separations between the language centers and areas involved in production or comprehension of speech

Can be motor, sensory or mixed

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8
Q

Examination of the I cranial nerve

A

OLFACTORY NERVE - ask the patient to smell something with eyes closed

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9
Q

Examination of the II cranial nerve

A

OPTIC NERVE
- Visual acuity (snellen chart)
- Color vision (ishihara plates)
- Visual field (confrontation)
- Papilla (fundoscopy)

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10
Q

Examination of the III, IV and VI cranial nerve

A

III = OCULOMOTOR
IV = TROCHLEAR
VI = ABDUCENS

  • Eye movement (follow the finger)
  • Visual acommodation (finger towards the patient should constrict the pupil)
  • Eyelid ptosis (open and close eyes)
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11
Q

Examination of the V cranial nerve

A

V = TRIGEMINAL NERVE

  • FACIAL SENSATION
  • MUSCLE FUNCTION OF THE MASSETER
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12
Q

Examination of the VII cranial nerve

A

VII = FACIAL NERVE

  • MOTOR FUNCTION OF MIMIC
  • SENSE OF TASTE
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13
Q

Examination of the VIII cranial nerve

A

VIII = VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR

  • HEARING
  • VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX - Head impulse test / caloric test
  • SENSE OF BALANCE - Romberg test, heel to toe walking
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14
Q

Examination of the IX and X cranial nerves

A

IX = GLOSOPHARYNGEAL
X = VAGUS NERVE

  • Palatal movement
  • Sense of taste (IX)
  • Vocalization (X)
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15
Q

Examination of the XI cranial nerve

A

XI = ACESSORY

Motor funcion of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

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16
Q

Examination of the XII cranial nerve

A

HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE

  • Tongue muscules motor function
17
Q

What nerves are evaluated in the pupillary reflex?

A

Optic nerve (afferent) and oculomotor (efferent)

18
Q

What nerves are evaluated on the corneal, conjunctival and lacrimation reflexes?

A

V1 of trigeminal nerve

19
Q

What nerves are evaluated on the jaw jerk reflex?

A

V3 of trigeminal (masseter muscle)

20
Q

What nerves are evaluated on the gag reflex?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (elevation of the palate)

21
Q

What nerves are evaluated on the cough reflex?

A

Vagus nerve (cough receptos in trachea and large bronchi)

22
Q

What is the difference between upper motor neuron injury vs lower motor neuron injury?

A

In LOWer motor neuron lesions, muscle mass, tone, power, and reflexes are LOW.

In UPper motor neuron lesions, muscle tone, reflexes, and toes (Babinski sign) are UP

23
Q

What is myoclonus?

A

Involuntaly twitch of muscles

24
Q

What is asterixis?

A

Abrupt loss of muscle tone during sustained contration - FLAPPING
(hepatic encephalopathy)

25
Q

What is akathisia?

A

Inability to stay still

26
Q

How is muscle power graded?

A

From 0 (complete paralysis) to 5 (normal power)

27
Q

What is the pronator drift test?

A

Downwards drift = upper motor lesion
Upwards drift = cerebellar lesion

28
Q

What is the clasp-like response?

A

Initial resistance when attempting passive movement of the extremities, followed by a rapid decrease in resistance

Upper motor neuron damage

29
Q

What is clonus?

A

Involuntary and rhythmic muscular contractions

Arises from a lack of inhibitory afferent stimuli of α-motor neurons

30
Q

What is the difference between clonus and myoclonus?

A

Myoclonus = arrhytmical, sudden jerks of a muscle or group of muscles, associated with renal or liver failure

Clonus = rhythmic contractions and relaxations of a muscle group

31
Q

What is meningism?

A

Nuchal rigidity + headache + photophobia

32
Q

What is the kernig and brudzinski sign sign?

A

Kernig sign: In a supine patient, extension of the knee when the thigh is flexed at the hip causes pain (knee at a 90° angle).

Brudzinski sign: In a supine patient, passive flexion of the neck provokes involuntary lifting of both legs.

33
Q

What is the lasegue test?

A

Test for nerve irritation
Lifting the leg > 45° induces pain of the lumbar roots

34
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

Nystagmus is an involuntary, repetitive, and twitching movement of one or both eyes.

AMCMCQ - Ana (3 decks)

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