Neurology Flashcards
unilateral facial nerve paralysis that spares the forehead is what?
Bells palsy
MCC of bells palsy?
HSV
When does bells palsy peak in symptoms
48 hours
Tx for bells palsy?
- prednisone
- artificial tears
- tape eyelid shut
MCC of encephalitis in an immunocompromised pt?
CMV
what has a similar presentation to encephalitis?
meningitis
Reyes syndrome usually occurs after someone takes what kind of medication to treat their cold symptoms?
Aspirin
What is reyes syndrome?
rapidly progressive encephalopathy with hepatic dysfunction
How do you diagnose reyes syndrome?
elevated liver enzymes, PTT, hyperammonemia, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis
MCC of encephalitis?
HSV
is a Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s sign usually present with encephalitis?
No not usually
how do you diagnose encephalitis?
lumbar puncture and MRI
How do you treat encephalitis?
supportive care and acyclovir 10 mg/kg IV q8hr started promptly
How long does a seizure need to last to be considered a status epilepticus seizure?
> 5minutes, or more than one seizure without recovery from postictal state of previous seizure
Tx for status epilepticus seizure
- lorazepam, diazepam, midolizam
- phenytoin
- phenobarbital
What is one lab value you should always check in a patient who experienced a seizure?
Glucose level
What are the drugs of choice for partial and complex seizures?
phenytoin r carbamazepine
Which one affects consciousness (partial or complex seizure)
Complex
What is the most common artery involved in a epidural hematoma
Middle meningeal artery
What type of shape does an epidural hematoma have?
Lens shape that does not affect bridging veins
(crescent-shaped, concave hyperdensity) is seen on a CT what is it?
subarachnoid hemorrhage
How would anterior cord syndrome present?
motor paralysis below the level of the lesion as well as the loss of pain and temperature at and below the level of the lesion
loss of motor function and sensory at the level of the lesion relates to what kind of spinal cord injury?
central cord injury
Does central cord injury affect upper extremities or lower extremities more?
Upper > lower
Distal muscles > proximal Muscles
What MOI causes central and anterior cord injuries?
- For central is forced hyperextension
2. For anterior its flexion or vascular
is Guillain-Barré syndrome ascending or descending?
This is ascending paralysis
Most common post infection cause of Guillain-Barré syndrome?
Campylobactor jejuni
How is Guillain-Barré syndrome Dx? and what would you see in the results?
Dx by lumbar puncture showing elevated protein in the CSF and normal WBC in CSF
MCA stroke symptoms?
aphasia, neglect, hemiparesis, gaze preference, homonymous hemianopsia
