Neurological System Flashcards
What are the two types of Neural Tissue?
neurons and neurological cells
What are the two divisions of the Nervous System?
Central and Peripheral
What does the CNS consist of?
brain and spinal cord
What do the PNS consist of?
cranial nerves and spinal nerves
What are the functions of the Nervous System?
Sensory (PNS), Integrative (CNS), and Motor (PNS)
What is the Sensory Function?
sensory receptors gather information and send it to the CNS
What is the Integrative Function?
the information is gathered to create sensations, memories, thoughts, and decisions
What is the Motor Function?
decisions are acted upon and impulses are carried to effectors (muscles or glands)
Somatic functions
carries info to skeletal muslce
Autonomic functions
carries info to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
Cell Body?
includes cytoplasm and a nucleus, from which the nerve fibers extend
Dendrites?
process of a neuron that receives input from other neurons (the branches)
Axon?
a slender, cylindrical process that conducts impulses away a neuron cell body; the long strip between the two ends
Chromatophillic Substance (Nissl bodies)?
packets of rough endoplasmic reticulum; the little dots in the cell body
Neurofibrils
network of threads that support axons; in the middle of the myelin
Axonal hillock
slight elevation of the cell body from which the axon arises
Axon terminal
the specialized end of an axon
Synaptic Knob
enlargement at the end of an axon that secretes neurotransmitter
Synaptic cleft (synapse)
narrow space between neurons
Nodes of Ranvier
narrow gaps in the myelin sheath between Schwann Cells
Myelin
- the cylinder things along the axon
- made of Schwann cells
White Matter
contains myelinated axons, in the middle of myelin
Gray Matter
contains unmyelated axons, in cell bodies and dendrites
Unipolar
one process (axon)
Bipolar
two processes (dendrite and axon)
Multipolar
many processes (2+ dendrites, 1 axon)
