Neurological System

Question 1

The Central Nervous System consists of?

Answer 1

The brain and spinal cord

Question 2

The peripheral nervous system consists of?

Answer 2

input and output pathways outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 3

The two branches of the motor system of the nervous system

Answer 3

somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

Question 4

Somatic

Answer 4

Voluntary muscle aka skeletal muscle

Question 5

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 5

controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and several glands

Question 6

Neuroglia of Glial cells

Answer 6

specialized cells in nervous tissue that allow it to perform nervous system functions. They are like the “glue” that holds the nervous system together.

Question 7

Four types of glial cells in the CNS

Answer 7

Astrocytes-are metabolic and structural support cells
Microglia-removes debris
Ependymal-do the job of epithelial cells, covering surfaces and lining cavities
Oligodendrocytes-make a lipid insulator called myelin

Question 8

Two types of glial cells in the PNS

Answer 8

Schwann Cells-make myelin for the PNS

Satellite Cells-support cells that surround the nerve cell body

Question 9

Dendrites

Answer 9

receive information from the environment or other cells

Question 10

Axon

Answer 10

generates and sends signals to other cells, the signals leave the cell and travel down the axon until it reaches the axon terminal

Question 11

Axon terminal

Answer 11

connects to the receiving cell

Question 12

Synapse

Answer 12

refers to the area where the axon meets the receiving cell

Question 13

Polarized Cell

Answer 13

a cell that is not stimulated or excited; resting. More negative on the inside than the outside

Question 14

3 important chemicals involved in neurological functions

Answer 14

Calcium. Potassium. Sodium.

Question 15

Describe action potential

Answer 15

when a polarized cell is stimulated channels in the cell membrane open up. when these channels open up Sodium Ions (NA+) travel across the cell membrane. This positively charges the cell or depolarizes it. In less than a millisecond, the gates on the sodium channels shut, just like the automatic doors at the supermarket shut by themselves. Then gates on potassium channels open. Potassium (K+), which is also positive, leaves the cell, taking its positive charges with it. The inside of the cell becomes more negative again, eventually returning to rest. This is repolarization. Sometimes a cell overshoots and becomes more negative than at rest this is known as hyperpolarized.

Question 16

Refractory Period

Answer 16

the time period after depolarization when a cell is unable to accept additional stimuli

Question 17

The 3 layers of meninges

Answer 17

Dura Mater-tough outer layer
Arachnoid Mater-wispy delicate middle layer
Pia Mater-innermost layer fused to the neural tissue of the CNS

Question 18

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Answer 18

is a paralysis caused by inflammation of peripheral nerves. Patients develop, over variable periods of time, weakness and ascending paralysis of the limbs, face, and diaphragm. Some patients may have a mild form of Guillain-Barré syndrome, but those with severe disease must be kept on a ventilator until the paralysis resolves. The cause of the disease is not known, though many patients develop Guillain-Barré syndrome after a viral infection.