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Applied Science and Health Promotion > Neurological system > Flashcards

Neurological system Flashcards

1
Q

What does the CNS mean

A

Central nervous system

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2
Q

What does the PNS mean

A

peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

What is the CNS made up of

A

spinal cord, brain stem, brain

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4
Q

What is the PNS made up of

A
  • autonomic NS & somatic NS
  • autonomic NS is split into the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS
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5
Q

what is the sympathetic NS

A

prepares the body for action and stress
e.g. fight or flight

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6
Q

what is the parasympathetic NS

A

calms the body and helps the body to conserve energy

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7
Q

What is the parasympathetic NS made up of

A
  • pupil (constriction)
  • heart (slow beats)
  • airways (constricts bronchial tubules)
  • liver (stimulates bile release)
  • blood vessels (constriction)
  • digestive system (stimulates activity)
  • uterus (relaxation)
  • urinary system (increase urinary output
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8
Q

what is the sympathetic NS made up of

A
  • pupil (dilate)
  • heart (increase beats)
  • airways (dilates bronchial tubules)
  • sweat glands (stimulates secretion)
  • liver (increase rate of glycogen to glucose)
  • digestive system (decrease activity)
  • adrenal glands (stimulates the production of adren)
  • uterus (vaginal contraction)
  • urinary system (relaxes bladder)
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9
Q

What is the neuron made up of

A
  • dendrite
  • cell body
  • nucleus
  • axon
  • mylein sheath
  • node of ranvier
  • axon terminal
  • schwann cell
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10
Q

purpose of dendrite

A

receives input from other neurons and carry those signals to the cell body

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11
Q

purpose of cell body

A

to house nucleus and other important organelles which manufacture proteins such as neurotransmitters for the rest of the nueron

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12
Q

purpose of nucleus

A

controls the activity and contains genetic material

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13
Q

purpose of axon

A

carry electrical impulses thatare the means of communication within the brain and the rest of the body

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14
Q

purpose of the myelin sheath

A

insulating layer that forms around the nerve. allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficently along the nerve cells. if damaged, impulse slows down

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15
Q

purpose of node on ranvier

A

gaps in the myelin sheath. allows for ions to diffuse in and out of the neuron propagating the electrical signal down the axon.

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16
Q

purpose of axon terminal

A

at the end of the axons which transmit messages to cells via use of neurotransmitters at synapses

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17
Q

purpose of schwann cell

A

key role in peripheral nerve repair after acute nerve injury.

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18
Q

3 types of nueron

A

sensory, relay, motor

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19
Q

function of sensory neuron

A

activated by sensory input from the environment.
e.g. when touching a hot surface you pull hand away

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20
Q

function of relay nueron

A

allows sensory and motor neurons to communicate

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21
Q

function of motor neuron

A

allows us to move, speak, swallow and breathe by sending commands from the brain to the muscles that carry out these functions.

22
Q

neural pathway

A
  1. receptor (stimulus)
  2. afferent of sensory nueron
  3. integration center (interneuron)
  4. efferent or motor neuron
23
Q

how many neurons are in the adult brain

A

86,000,000,000

24
Q

how much does the brain weight

A

at birth: 350-400g
adult: 1.3-1.4kg

25
what is the CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
26
function of CSF
assists the brain by providing protection, nourishment, and removal. protects the brain and spinal cord from trauma
27
what are the 3 areas of the brain
forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
28
what is the forebrain made up of
cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus
29
what is the midbrain
located between the thalamus of the forebrain abd pons of the hindbrain
30
what is the hindbrain made up of
pons, cerebellum, medulla
31
function of cerebrum
initates coordinates movement and regulates temp. enable speech, judgement, thinking, and reasoning, problem-solving and emotions and learning
32
function of thalamus
information relay system. sleep, wakefulness, consiousness, learning, and memory
33
function of hypothalamus
helps manage body temp, hunger, thirst, mood, libido, bp, and sleep
34
function of pons
handles unconscious processes such as your sleep-wake cycle and breathing.
35
function of cerebellum
responsible for muscle control, including balance and movement. other roles such as language processing and memory
36
function of medulla
helps control processes such as heartbeat, breathing, bp. where the brain and spinal cord connect.
37
what are the 4 lobes of the brain
1. frontal lobe 2. paretial lobe 3. occipital lobe 4. temproral lobe
38
function of frontal lobe
voluntary movement, expressive language, and for managing higher level executive language
39
function of paretial lobe
vital for sensory perception and integration including management of taste, hearing, sight, touch, and smell
40
function of occipital lobe
visuospatial processing, distance and depth perception, colour determination, object and face recognition, and memory formation
41
function of temporal lobe
processing auditory information and wth the encoding of memory. processing affect/emotions, language and certain aspects of visual perception.
42
what is the gyri and sulci
gyri are surrounded by depressions known as sulci and together form iconic folded surfaces of the brain. gyri made up of the gray matter of the cerebral cortex.
43
what is the corpus callosum
bundle of nerve fibres that allow the brain's left and right hemispheres to communicate.
44
what is brain lateralisation
the concept that some brain functions are specialised to either the right or left side of the brain. e.g. language is lateralised to the left hemisphere
45
what is the limbic system
a group of interconnected brain structures that help regulate your emotions and behaviour.
46
what is the limbic system made up of
1. hypothalamic nuclei 2. amygdala 3. hippocampus 4. cingulate gyrus 5. corpus callosum 6. thalamus
47
function of hypothalamic nuclei
regulates endocrine system,and the nuclei in the medial and lateral zones regulate autonomic and somatic behaviour.
48
function of amygdala
major processing center for emotions
49
function of hippocampus
converts st memories into lt memorie by organising, storing, and retreiving memories within the brain. helps learn more about environment so you're aware of whats around you.
50
function of cingulate gyrus
processing emotions and behaviour regulation. helps to regulate autonomic motor function.
51
3 main parts of the spinal cord
1. cervical (c1-c7) 2. thoracic (t1-t12) 3. lumbar (l1-l5)

Applied Science and Health Promotion (4 decks)

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