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Pharmacology Exam #1 > Neurological Part 2 > Flashcards

Neurological Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

selegiline (Eldepryl): class

A

Antiparkinson agent/ Monoamine Oxidase-B inhibitors (MAOI)

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2
Q

selegiline (Eldepryl): other medications

A

rasagiline (Azilect)

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3
Q

selegiline (Eldepryl): EPA

A

indirect-acting dopamine receptor agonist, inhibits the action of MAO-B, MAO-B inactivate dopamine

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4
Q

selegiline (Eldepryl): Use

A

treat symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

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5
Q

selegiline (Eldepryl): ADR

A

insomnia, take before morning meal

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6
Q

selegiline (Eldepryl): contraindications

A

hypersensitivity, MAOIs, tricylics, SSRIs, food with tyramine can cause hypertension, herbal drugs can cause severe hypertension

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7
Q

selegiline (Eldepryl): RN Interventions

A

last dose by noon, talk to doctor before taking new medications, educate about foods and herbs to avoid

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8
Q

pramipexole (Mirapex): class

A

Direct-Acting Dopamine Receptor Agonist

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9
Q

pramipexole (Mirapex): EPA

A

binds to dopamine receptors and causes a response similar to the body’s natural dopamine

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10
Q

pramipexole (Mirapex): Use

A

relieves symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and restless leg syndrome

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11
Q

pramipexole (Mirapex): ADRs

A

nausea, dizzy, muscle weakness, orthostatic hypotension, dyskinesias

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12
Q

pramipexole (Mirapex): contraindications

A

teratogenic, older adults, renal dysfunction, ETOH and other CNS depressants increase risk for other adverse effects

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13
Q

pramipexole (Mirapex): RN Interventions

A

nausea can lessen over time, avoid activities that need mental alertness, move slowly sitting/standing

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14
Q

levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet): class

A

dopamine replacement drugs

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15
Q

levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet): EPA

A

Levodopa-increases the availability of L-dopa, (the precursor to dopamine) = more dopamine! Carbidopa inhibits the breakdown of levodopa in peripheral tissues, so there is more dopamine available.

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16
Q

levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet): Use

A

relieves symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

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17
Q

levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet): ADRs

A

nausea, vomiting, darkening of urine and sweat, orthostatic hypotension, dyskinesia, psychosis, hallucinations, paranoia

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18
Q

levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet): contraindications

A

glaucoma, psychosis, existing renal dysfunction, vitamins B6 decrease action, MAOI can cause HTN crisis, high-protein diet can decrease action, anticholinergic increase response

19
Q

levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet): RN Intervention

A

educate client on starting with low doses, can take 6 months for full response, monitor “on-off” phenomenon, don’t take with high-protein meals

20
Q

donepezil (Aricept): Class

A

Cholinesterase Inhibitor

21
Q

donepezil (Aricept): EPA

A

prevents the enzyme acetylcholinesterase from inactivating ACh = increase in ACh available in brain

22
Q

donepezil (Aricept): Use

A

improved cognitive function in clients with Alzheimer’s disease

23
Q

donepezil (Aricept): administration

A

given at bedtime with food

24
Q

donepezil (Aricept): ADR

A

nausea, CNS effects, insomnia, dizzy, bradycardia

25
Q

donepezil (Aricept): contraindications

A

GI bleeding, children, NSAIDs increases risk for GI bleed, caution with liver, renal, GI, or pulmonary disorders and seizures

26
Q

donepezil (Aricept): RN Interventions

A

take with food at bedtime, report adverse effects, safety alert: make sure caregivers are present if client is not able to remember instructions

27
Q

memantine (Namenda): class

A

NMDA Receptor Antagonist

28
Q

memantine (Namenda): EPA

A

blocks excess glutamate from stimulating NMDA receptors = decrease the influx of calcium into the neurons in the brain = reduces intracellular calcium to restore normal nerve transmission

29
Q

memantine (Namenda): Use

A

slow progression of Alzheimer’s by preventing neuronal damage from high calcium

30
Q

memantine (Namenda): ADRs

A

CNS effects

31
Q

memantine (Namenda): contraindications

A

renal failure, liver disorders, seizure disorders, older adults, OTC antacids increase levels of memantine and could cause toxicity

32
Q

memantine (Namenda): RN Intervention

A

report presence of CNS effects

33
Q

interferon beta-1a (Avonex & Rebif) & interferon beta-2a (Betaseron): class

A

immunomodulators

34
Q

interferon beta-1a (Avonex & Rebif) & interferon beta-2a (Betaseron): EPA

A

inhibits the movement of leukocytes (product of body’s defective autoimmune response) across the blood-brain barrier, stop leukocytes from damaging myelin sheath

35
Q

interferon beta-1a (Avonex & Rebif) & interferon beta-2a (Betaseron): use

A

slow progression of MS

36
Q

interferon beta-1a (Avonex & Rebif) & interferon beta-2a (Betaseron): ADR

A

flu-like symptoms, myelosuppression, liver toxicity, pain/redness at injection site

37
Q

interferon beta-1a (Avonex & Rebif) & interferon beta-2a (Betaseron): Contraindications

A

any drug that suppresses the immune system could increase risk for myelosuppression

38
Q

interferon beta-1a (Avonex & Rebif) & interferon beta-2a (Betaseron): RN Intervention

A

educate client on how to administer medication (rotate sites), pre-medicate with acetaminophen if flu-like symptoms occur, CBC and LFT monitored (report bleeding or jaundice)

39
Q

sumatriptan (Imitrex): class

A

Serotonin Agonists, triptans

40
Q

sumatriptan (Imitrex): EPA

A

reverses 5-HT/CGRP ration by activating 5-HT receptors which promote vasoconstriction and suppress the release of CGRP. this prevents inflammatory response from occurring

41
Q

sumatriptan (Imitrex): Use

A

relieve the symptoms of existing migraine or cluster headache

42
Q

sumatriptan (Imitrex): ADR

A

chest pressure or heaviness, may progress to angina pain caused by coronary vasospasm, CNS effects (tingling, vertigo)

43
Q

sumatriptan (Imitrex): contraindications

A

CAD, PVD, stroke, HTN, liver or kidney insufficiency, MAOIs taken in the last 2 weeks might cause sumatriptan toxicity, serotonin syndrome with other drugs, st. johns wort can cause toxicity

44
Q

sumatriptan (Imitrex): RN Intervention

A

immediately report chest pressure, tightness in back, jaw, or throat, educate on administration: nasal spray once in one nostril, one tablet, next after 2 hrs, no more than 2 doses in 24 hours

Pharmacology Exam #1 (4 decks)

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