NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HIV Flashcards
What are the opportunistic infections affecting the neurological system that are associated with HIV infection?
Toxoplasmosis - encephalitis and abscesses
Cryptococcus neoformans (fungus) - meningitis
JC virus - progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML)
CMV - retinitis, encephalitis, cauda equina syndrome, vasculitic neuropathy
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - meningitis, abscesses
What are the neurological tumours associated with HIV?
Primary cerebral lymphoma
Metastatic systemic lymphoma
What are the virus specific HIV related disorders that affect the neurological system?
HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) - dementia
Vacuolar myelopathy
Peripheral neuropathy
Polymyositis
What are the HIV associated drug induced neurological complications?
Neuropathy - didanosine, stavudine, isoniazid
Myalgia, myopathy - NRTIs
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)
Compartmentalization syndrome (low plasma viral loads but high CSF viral loads)
At what CD4 counts do toxoplasmosis and cryptococcal meningitis occur?
Below 200 cells/microlitre