NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HIV Flashcards

1
Q

What are the opportunistic infections affecting the neurological system that are associated with HIV infection?

A

Toxoplasmosis - encephalitis and abscesses

Cryptococcus neoformans (fungus) - meningitis

JC virus - progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML)

CMV - retinitis, encephalitis, cauda equina syndrome, vasculitic neuropathy

Mycobacterium tuberculosis - meningitis, abscesses

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2
Q

What are the neurological tumours associated with HIV?

A

Primary cerebral lymphoma

Metastatic systemic lymphoma

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3
Q

What are the virus specific HIV related disorders that affect the neurological system?

A

HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) - dementia

Vacuolar myelopathy

Peripheral neuropathy

Polymyositis

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4
Q

What are the HIV associated drug induced neurological complications?

A

Neuropathy - didanosine, stavudine, isoniazid

Myalgia, myopathy - NRTIs

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)

Compartmentalization syndrome (low plasma viral loads but high CSF viral loads)

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5
Q

At what CD4 counts do toxoplasmosis and cryptococcal meningitis occur?

A

Below 200 cells/microlitre

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