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PCM 2 Final > Neurological Exam And Testing > Flashcards

Neurological Exam And Testing Flashcards

1
Q

What gait test can be used to test for dorsiflexion?

A

Walk on heels

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2
Q

What gait test can be used to test for plantarflexion?

A

Walk on toes

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3
Q

Inability to walk on your heels indicates what?

A

CST damage

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4
Q

Inability to perform rapid alternating movements is called what?

A

Dysdiadochokinesis

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5
Q

Big toe dermatome?

Little finger?

A

L5

C8

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6
Q

Nipple dermatome?

Little toe?

A

T4

S1

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7
Q

Radial aspect forearm dermatome?

Shoulder top?

A

C6

C4

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8
Q

Babinski test is what?

A

Stroke underside of foot from heel to toe, should plantar flex

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9
Q

What indicates a positive Babinski test?

Suggestive of what?

A

Dorsiflexion of big toe and flaring of toes

UMN dysfunction

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10
Q

What characterizes clonus?

Sustained clonus is associated with what?

A

Rapidly alternating involuntary contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscle

UMN disease

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11
Q

Nuchal Rigidity is testing for what?

Inflammation in the subarachnoid space causes resistance to movements that stretch what?

A

Acute bacterial meningitis and subarachnoid hemorrhage

Spinal nerves

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12
Q

What is a positive Brudzinkski’s sign?

Stretching of what nerve?

A

Hips and knees flex as pt’s neck is flexed

Femoral n.

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13
Q

+ Kernig’s sign is what?

Stretching of what nerve?

A

Pain and increased resistance to extending the knee

Sciatic nerve

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14
Q

What is a normal score for the mini-mental state exam?

A

24-29

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15
Q

Hand grip tests what nerve roots?

A

C7, C8, T1

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16
Q

Flexion and extension of the wrist tested for with what nerve roots?

A

C6 and C7

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17
Q

Opposition of thumb is what muscle nerve roots?

A

C8, T1

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18
Q

Flexion at elbow is what nerve roots?

A

C5 and C6

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19
Q

Extension at elbow is what nerve roots?

A

C6, 7, 8

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20
Q

Plantar flexion is what nerve roots?

A

S1 - gastroc

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21
Q

Adduction is what nerve roots?

Abduction?

A

L2-4

L4, L5, S1

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22
Q

Dorsiflexion is what nerve roots?

A

L4, 5 - Tibialis anterior

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23
Q

Knee flexion is what nerve roots? What muscle?

Extension?

A

L4-S2 - hamstrings

L2-4 - quads

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24
Q

What are the components of the mental status exam?

A

Level of alertness
Appropriateness of response
Orientation

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25
CN 5 located at what level of brain?
Metencephalon (pons)
26
CN 2 located what level of brain?
Diencephalon
27
CN 6-8 located what level of brain?
Pontomedullary junction
28
CN 3-4 located what level of brain?
Mesencephalon (Midbrain)
29
CN 1 located what level of brain?
Telencephalon
30
CN 9-12 located what level of brain?
Myelecephalon (medulla)
31
Loss of sense of smell indicates what?
Ipsilateral lesion
32
How far always should a pt stand from a Snellen eye chart for optic nerve testing?
20 ft
33
Which nerve is vulnerable to head trauma due to its long course around the brainstem?
CN 4
34
What CN lesion is often seen in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, late syphilis, and trauma?
CN 6
35
What is the cervical root of the trapezius m.?
C2
36
Cervical root of SCM m.?
C3 and C4
37
Pinprick and temperature tests what?
Spinothalamic tract
38
Proprio/2pt tests what?
Posterior columns
39
What is the ability to ID numbers written on the palm called?
Graphesthesia
40
What is the ability to ID shapes of objects, or recognizing objects placed in the hand called?
Stereognosis
41
Hyperactive reflexes indicate a lesion where?
CNS
42
Abdominal reflex tests what roots? Tests what?
T10-12 All 4 quadrants
43
Cremasteric reflex tests what roots? What happens?
Afferent L1, efferent L2 Stroking inner thigh causes scrotum to rise on stroked side
44
Anal wink reflex tests what roots? Useful for what?
S4, S5 Cauda Equina lesions
45
What test is done to evaluate dysmetria/dystaxia of voluntary movements?
Finger to nose
46
What tests contralateral cerebral hemisphere through PPRF with a cerebellar component?
Saccades
47
What is seen in frontal and cerebellar damage?
Rapid alternating movements mess up
48
The Romberg test is a test for what?
Proprioception (sensory test)
49
What gait is often seen in cerebral palsy or M.S. And the feet crossing over with toes dragged?
Scissoring
50
High steppage, broad based is what kind of gait? Seen with what?
Sensory ataxia Post. Column damage and peripheral neuropathy
51
What gait is seen in frontal lobe processes and hydrocephalus, with small steps feet not leaving the ground?
Magnetic
52
What gait is all over the place as if the patient is falling but they do not fall? What is the usual cause?
Astasia-abasia Psychogenic
53
A hemiplegic gait is due to what?
UMN such as a stroke
54
What does a waddling pelvis indicate?
Myopathy
55
foot drop is due to what?
UMN or LMN lesions
56
usual LMN lesion due to what?
Peroneal neuropathy or L5 radiculopathy
57
Decerebrate posturing indicates lesion where? What does it look like?
Midbrain Arms extended, legs stiff and extended
58
Decorticate posturing indicates lesion where? What does it look like?
Above brainstem in thalamus Both arms flexed, legs stiff and extended
59
What system is seen with dyskinesia and resting tremor?
Extrapyramidal
60
What system is seen with hemi-dysasthesia, Hemiplegia, hemiparesis, apraxia, aphasia?
Cortical
61
What does a resting (pill rolling) tremor indicate?
Basal ganglia disease (Parkinson's)
62
What are the essential components of a brief screening neurological exam (5)?
``` Generally assessment (mental status) CN's Motor System Sensory System Reflexes ```

PCM 2 Final (3 decks)

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