NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Flashcards
_____________-a chronic progressive disease in which longitudinal cavities form in the cervical region of the spinal cord. This characteristically results in wasting of the muscles in the hands and a loss of sensation.
Syringomyelia
___________ ___________–is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Myasthenia gravis can cause weakness in your neck, arms and legs, but this usually happens along with muscle weakness in other parts of your body, such as your eyes, face or throat.
The disorder usually affects arms more often than legs. However, if it affects your legs, you may waddle when you walk. If your neck is weak, it may be hard to hold up your head.
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ALS often begins with muscle twitching and weakness in an arm or leg, or sometimes with slurring of speech. Eventually, ALS can affect your ability to control the muscles needed to move, speak, eat and breathe. ALS can’t be cured and eventually leads to death.
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posterolateral sclerosis - also known as or related to subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord (disorder), sacd. cord, subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord, neuromyelopathy due to ——vitamin b12 deficiency,
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Brown-Séquard’s paralysis, hemiparaplegic syndrome, hemiplegia et hemiparaplegia spinalis, or spinal hemiparaplegia) is caused by damage to one half of the spinal cord, resulting in paralysis and loss of proprioception on the same (or ipsilateral) side …
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Cerebral palsy is due to abnormal brain development, often before birth.
Symptoms include exaggerated reflexes, floppy or rigid limbs, and involuntary motions. These appear by early childhood.
Long-term treatment includes physical and other therapies, drugs, and sometimes surgery.
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Parkinson’s disease is caused by the progressive impairment or deterioration of neurons (nerve cells) in an area of the brain known as the substantia nigra.
Parkinson’s disease affects the nerve cells in the brain that produce dopamine. Parkinson’s disease symptoms include muscle rigidity, tremors, and changes in speech and gait.
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks part of the peripheral nervous system. The first symptoms of this disorder include varying degrees of weakness or tingling sensations in the legs. In many instances the symmetrical weakness and abnormal sensations spread to the arms and upper body. These symptoms can increase in intensity until certain muscles cannot be used at all and, when severe, the person is almost totally paralyzed. In these cases the disorder is life threatening - potentially interfering with breathing and, at times, with blood pressure or heart rate - and is considered a medical emergency.
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What is Tabes Dorsalis?
Tabes Dorsalis or Syphilitic Myelopathy is a pathological condition in which there is gradual degeneration of nerves normally in the posterior column of the spinal cord. These nerves are responsible for an individual having a sense of position which in medical terms is known as proprioception and a sense of touch.
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n muscular dystrophies, abnormal genes (mutations) lead to muscle degeneration. Most forms begin in childhood.
Damaged muscles become progressively weaker. Most people who have the condition eventually need a wheelchair. Other symptoms include trouble breathing or swallowing.
Medications, therapy, breathing aids, or surgery may help maintain function, but life span is often shortened.
GOWERS SIGN…POT BELLY STANCE…LARGE INCREASE IN CPK. BOYS 3–7
CMT–Foot deformity (very high arched feet);
Foot drop (inability to hold foot horizontal);
“Slapping” gait (feet slap on the floor when walking because of foot drop);
Loss of muscle in the lower legs, leading to skinny calves;
Numbness in the feet;
Difficulty with balance;
Later, similar symptoms also may appear in the arms and hands.
CMT almost never affects brain function.
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Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other intellectual abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer’s disease accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases.
he most common early symptom of Alzheimer’s is difficulty remembering newly learned information because Alzheimer’s changes typically begin in the part of the brain that affects learning. As Alzheimer’s advances through the brain it leads to increasingly severe symptoms, including disorientation, mood and behavior changes; deepening confusion about events, time and place; unfounded suspicions about family, friends and professional caregivers; more serious memory loss and behavior changes; and difficulty speaking, swallowing and walking.
Huntington’s disease is an inherited disease that causes the progressive breakdown (degeneration) of nerve cells in the brain. Huntington’s disease has a broad impact on a person’s functional abilities and usually results in movement, thinking (cognitive) and psychiatric disorders.
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