Neurological disorders

Question 1

Neglect

Answer 1

Inability to process/perceive stimuli on one side of the body or environment. Global deficit - neglect of visual, auditory, somatosensory stimulation on side opposite lesion. Posterior parietal lobe damage. Intraparietal sulcus. Related: visual spatial neglect, dressing apraxia, paralexia, paragraphia

Question 2

Change detection

Answer 2

Common - happens to everybody. Attention directed intensely in one direction; as a result

Question 3

Visual Agnosia

Answer 3

Inability to recognize objects, their pictorial representations, draw/copy them. Lesion in occipital lobe in lateral occipital cortex. Not blind; can describe things but cannot determine what the object is

Question 4

Prosopagnosia

Answer 4

Inability to recognize faces. Bilateral damage to the inferior temporal lobe (i.e. fusiform gyrus). FFA

Question 5

Inferior occipital gyri

Answer 5

Early perception of facial features

Question 6

Superior temporal sulcus

Answer 6

Changeable aspects of faces such as emotions and eye movement

Question 7

Lateral fusiform gyrus

Answer 7

Invariant aspect of faces - perception of unique identity

Question 8

Intraparietal sulcus

Answer 8

Spatially directed attention

Question 9

Auditory cortex

Answer 9

Speech perception

Question 10

Amygdala, insula, limbic system

Answer 10

Emotion

Question 11

Anterior temporal

Answer 11

Personal identity, name, biographical information

Question 12

Capgras syndrom

Answer 12

Belief that familiar people have been replaced by impostors. Can perceive faces but don’t connect face with feeling of familiarity. Could be disconnection between fusiform face and amygdala. Activity not different between familiar and unknown faces

Question 13

Fregoli syndrome

Answer 13

Persecutor believed to have adopted multiple disguises. Associated with face processing circuitry (ventral temporal areas) as well as prefrontal damage (frontal area is supposed to monitor for abnormal behavior). Also the Inferior/ventral temporal cortex has too much activity - responsible for triggering retrieval of familiar individual’s identity

Question 14

Anosognosia

Answer 14

Individual is unaware of existence of his or her disability

Question 15

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 15

Prefrontal dysfunction associated with confabulation (honest lying) - provide clearly false information without intentions of lying

Question 16

Anton-Babinski Syndrome

Answer 16

Cortical blindness where the sufferers believe they can see. Dismiss blindness thru confabulation

Question 17

Alien hand syndrome

Answer 17

Two hemispheres of brain surgically separated and afflicted person’s hand seems to move on its own. Other areas: occipital and parietal lobes

Question 18

Foreign accent syndrome

Answer 18

Emergence of “perceived” foreign accent following left hemisphere brain damage such as in Broca’s area

Question 19

Representations of the world

Answer 19

Brain creates representations of external world to try to make sense of it; when brains damaged, try to make sense of the world and may get it wrong.