Neurological Disorders

Question 1

Incomplete closure of the spinal column

Answer 1

Spina Bifida

Question 2

Small dimple at the lower back

Answer 2

Spina bifida oculta

Question 3

Sac like cyst; contains meninges and spinal fluid

Answer 3

Meningocele

Question 4

Herniated sac of meninges, spinal fluid, and portion of the spinal cord and nerves

Answer 4

Meningomyelocele

Question 5

Deficiency of folic acid during pregnancy

Answer 5

Spina Bifida

Question 6

Excess cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the subarachnoid space

Answer 6

Hydrocephalus

Question 7

Excess cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the subarachnoid space

Answer 7

Hydricephalus

Question 8

Impaired absorption within the subarachnoid space

Answer 8

Communicating Hydrocephalus

Question 9

Obstruction of cerebrospinal flow within the ventricular system

Answer 9

Non-communicating Hydrocephalus

Question 10

Use of an egg crate mattress

Answer 10

Hydrocephalus Preoperative Intervention

Question 11

Intervention for when the patient has increased ICP; this enhances gravity flow through the shunt

Answer 11

Elevate the head 15-30 degrees

Question 12

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Answer 12

Meningitis

Question 13

Inflammation of the brain

Answer 13

Encephalitis

Question 14

A symptom of meningitis or encephalitis characterized by the inability to extend the leg when the thigh is flexed anteriorly at the hip

Answer 14

Kernig’s Sign

Question 15

A symptom of meningitis or encephalitis characterized by neck flexion that causes adduction and flexion movements of the lower extremities

Answer 15

Brudzinki Sign

Question 16

Sign and symptoms of meningitis and encephalitis that affects the neck

Answer 16

Nuchal rigidity

Question 17

Drug of choice for meningitis or encephalitis

Answer 17

Penicillin G

Question 18

This is the first nursing intervention for a child admitted with meningitis or encephalitis

Answer 18

Isolate the child

Question 19

Lack of control of the voluntary muscles; abnormal muscle tone and incoordination

Answer 19

Cerebral Palsy

Question 20

Cortex is affected; scissor-like gait

Answer 20

Spastic

Question 21

Basal ganglia is affected; results in uncoordinated involuntary motion

Answer 21

Athetoid

Question 22

Cerebellum is affected; results in poor balance and difficulty with muscle coordination

Answer 22

Ataxic

Question 23

Chromosome aberration characterized by trisomy 21

Answer 23

Down Syndrome

Question 24

Facial characteristics of a child with down syndrome

Answer 24

Wide gap between the eyes, flat nose large tongue

Question 25

Abnormal single horizontal line on the palm of the hand

Answer 25

Simean crease

Question 26

white specks in the iris of the eye; an assessment of a child with down syndrome

Answer 26

Brushfield’s spots