neurological disorder of the foal

Question 1

putative causes for neonatal encephalopathy

Answer 1

1/ maladaptation to extra-uterine life (altered neurosteroid/progesterone concentration, HPAA function)
2/ perinatal asphyxia (dystocia, umbulical cord abnomalities, severe maternal disease, placental disease)
3/ metabolic abnormalities (sepsis, kernicterus, electrolyte abnomalities, uremic encephalopathy)

Question 2

1/ cite 2 neurosteroids
2/interact with which receptor
3/ action

Answer 2

1/ progesterone and allopregnanolone
2/ GABA and NMDA
3/ neuroprotective in hypoxic condition

Question 3

molecule produced in locus ceruleus

Answer 3

norepinephrine

Question 4

maj cause of kernicterus in foals

Answer 4

neonatal isoerythrolysis (bili > 19 mg/dL)

Question 5

icteric CSF can be normal in foals up to 10 days : T/F

Answer 5

True

Question 6

electrolytes abnomalities associated with neurologic signs in foals

Answer 6

Na >170 meq/L or <120 meq/L (ataxia, seizure, abnormal mentation)
Hypocalcemia (seizures)

Question 7

Can horse transmit West Nile virus to humans?

Answer 7

NO
Dead end host (low viremia)

Question 8

Pig breed+ mutation for malignant hyperthermia

Answer 8

Landrace, Pietrain
Mut RYR-1 (ryanodine receptor)

Question 9

Causes of chronic exertional myopathy in horses

Answer 9

Type1 or 2 polysachharid storage myopathy
Myofibrillar myopathy
Maligant hyperthermia
Reccurent exertional rhabdomyolysis

Question 10

Which pre-mortem examination can be done for suspicion of polyneuritis equi?

Histological lesions ?

Answer 10

1/muscular biopsy of sacrocaudalis dorsalis

2/ Granulomatous inflammation of cauda equina +/- spinal nerves +/- cranial nerves
Demyelination with subsequent axonal degeneration, thickening of epi/peri/endoneurium, fibrosis