Neurological content - General questions

Question 1

Essential components for Bed mobility

Answer 1

Bridging to shifting
Rolling over
Side lying to sitting

Question 2

Compensatory movements for Bed mobility

Answer 2

Wriggling instead of turning
Use of intact arm
Rotation/flexion of neck forward
Hooks intact leg under affected leg

Question 3

Essential components of sitting

Answer 3

Initial alignment:
- 100% thigh support
- Ankles in plantargrade
- Feet shoulder/hip width,
- Even weight distribution between legs,
- Flexion of knees and hips,
- Extension of trunk

Question 4

Compensatory movements for sitting

Answer 4

Wide BOS
Uneven weight shift
Use of arms for balance

Question 5

Essential components for reaching in sitting

Answer 5

• Shift head , arm, trunk toward object
• Load foot to the direction of reaching

Question 6

Compensatory movements of reaching in sitting

Answer 6

Holding breath
Leaning forward or backward when asked to lean sideway

Question 7

Sit to stand essential components

Answer 7

Initial alignment:
- <100% thigh support, ankles DF, even weight distribution LL

Standing up:
- Feet placement (knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion)
- Flexion of hips (forward movement of trunk)
- Flexion of knees (forward movement of knees)
- Extension of trunk and neck
- Extension of hips and knees

Question 8

Compensatory movements during a sit to stand

Answer 8

• Pre weight shift to intact side
• Wide BOS
• Use of intact arm
• Flexion of trunk and neck

Question 9

Standing essential components:

Answer 9

Initial alignment:
- Ankles DF
- Neutral hip rotation
- Feet shoulder/hip width apart
- Even weight LL
- Extension of hips, knees and trunk

Question 10

Essential components of reaching in standing

Answer 10

• Shift head, arms and trunk forward toward the object
• Load foot to direction of reach

Question 11

Compensatory movements of standing

Answer 11

Wide BOS
Weight shift to intact side

Question 12

Compensatory movements of reaching in standing

Answer 12

Takes a step prematurely

Protraction of shoulder or flexion of hips instead of dorsiflexion of ankles when reaching forward

Question 13

Essential components: Reaching

Answer 13

Protraction & elevation of scapular
GH joint: ER, flexion, ABD, extension
Elbow: Flexion and extension
Forearm: pronation/supination
Wrist: Extension and radial deviation
Hand: extension of fingers and abduction of thumb

Question 14

Compensatory movements: Reaching

Answer 14

Excessive scap elevation
ABD and IR of sh when reaching forward
Lateral flexion of trunk to intact side

Question 15

Essential components: Grasping

Answer 15

Extension of wrist and fingers
Conjunct rotation of thumb
Closure of thumb and fingers around object

Question 16

Compensatory movements for grasping and manipulation

Answer 16

Excessive wrist flexion
Excessive aperture for grasp and release

Question 17

Essential components: Manipulation: (3)

Answer 17

Wrist and fingers: flexion and extension Closure of thumb and fingers
Cupping of the hand

Question 18

Essential components of walking

Answer 18

Initial alignment:
Ankles DF, Hips neutral, Feet sh/hip width apart.

Stance:
Extension of hip, Flexion of knee on heel strike & extension on midstance

Swing:
Flexion then extension of knee
Flexion of hip
Dorsiflexion of ankle

Question 19

Compensatory movements for walking

Answer 19

wide BOS
short step length/ reduced speed
circumduction of leg
foot drop