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Minor Injuries 🦴 > Neurological Assessment > Flashcards

Neurological Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of cluster headaches?

A

Sharp unilateral periorbital pressure

Cluster headaches are in a cluster, repeat attacks. They also have autonomic features and are rare.

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of migraines?

A

More commonly affects women

Migraines are recurrent and typically diagnosed before 40. They usually last 4 - 72 hours, are unilateral with nausea and vomiting. They may include aura, reversible speech/ visual disturbance/ sensory aura/ auditory aura, and can be severe and debilitating.

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3
Q

Are migraines unilateral or bilateral?

A

Unilateral always and if they have a bilateral headache it’s not a migraine

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4
Q

What is occipital neuralgia

A

Fire sensation at the back of the head and definitive treatment is neuralgic block!

You can palpate the back of the head and change/alter how the headaches feels you know that this is occipital neuralgic

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5
Q

What does neoplastic refer to ?

A

Cancer

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6
Q

Temporal arthritis: is common in people who are young, middle or old

A

Old

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7
Q

What is a specific symptom
of temporal ateritis

A

Tiredness chewing

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8
Q

Name a psycostimulant!
People have it everyday in everything

A

Caffeine
- sudden withdrawal can cause severe migraine type of headaches, fatigue, nausea and vomiting

SACRED C: caffeine
Question your patients such as are there changes in their routes to work where you used to buy coffee and now you don’t? For example

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9
Q

What are classic signs of sinusitis

A

Increased pressure sneezing
Headache etc

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10
Q

What’s the most common type of headache

A

Tension headaches

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11
Q

What does PRN mean in medication world ?

A

Take when required

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12
Q

Why is headaches a problem in pregnancy ? What can it be a sign of?

A

Eclampsia

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13
Q

What is a dermatone

A

Areas of the body that are triggered by afferent nerves from one spinal route

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14
Q

Why would you be worried if a headache after injury?

A

Sign of ICP, sub arach

But we are particularly worried about, if there a delay on the onset or getting worse over time.

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15
Q

Cranial nerves:
Where is the olfactory, and optic nerve located

A

Forebrain

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16
Q

How to test the olfactory nerve?

A

Ask them about abnormalities/ smell senses

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17
Q

How to test the Optic and occulomotor nerve

A

Shine a light on the eye
If you shine a light on the eye that’s fully dilated eye you can check the oculumotor nerve

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18
Q

Testing the occultomotor, trochlear, abducens. How to test the trochlear nerve

A

Ask them to go cross eyed

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19
Q

Oculomotor, trochlear and Abducens. What does the abducens nerve control and how to test it ?

A

Eye looking outwards and move the eye outward

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20
Q

Which nerve is a sensory and motor nerve

A

TRIGEMINAL NERVE

Maxillary
Mandibular branch

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21
Q

How to test the facial nerve

A

Big Smile
Frown and raise eyebrows
Puff out cheeks
Screw eyes tightly and resist them being open

Fun Fact:
Cva pt can move there eyebrows up
Bell’s palsy can’t move their eyebrows

22
Q

How to test the Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve

A

Get them to say AHHHH - does uvula move upwards

23
Q

How to test the Vestibularcochlear nerve

A

Whisper test
Rinnes test with tuning fork

24
Q

What are the accessory muscles

A

Trapezius
Sternoclomastoid process

25
How to test the accessory nerve
Shrug the shoulders and turn their heads with resistance
26
How to assess for dysdiadochokinesia and dysmetria
Place their pointer to their Nose to HCP finger Back and forth
27
How to do the rhombergs test?
Pt to stand with their eyes closed and stand still without toppling over Tests your visual, vestibular (inner ears) and proprioceptive (positional senses) For pts with Hx of falls, dizziness or imbalance, uncoordinated balance, head injury. Positive tests mean: - sensory, vestibular, proprioceptive system
28
What are the 4 tests that a pt must complete in order to sufficiently assess their gait
Heel to toe Walk on their toes Walk on their heels Walk normally
29
How to test your pt vision
Snellen chart Read small paragraphs
30
For an Abbreviation mental test how would you assess for confusion?
HOW OLD ARE YOU? • WHAT TIME ISIT? • WHAT YEAR IS IT? Where are we now Who am I and who is this person WHAT IS YOUR DATE OF BIRTH • WHEN DID WII START COR OTHER APPROPRIATE EVENTI • WHO IS THE PRIME MINISTER? • COUNT BACKWARDS FROM 20.
31
What is the normal motor response for the planter reflex ? Dorsal flexsion Planter flexision
Planter flexision
32
Symptoms of temporal arteritis?
•Abnormalities of vision •Tiredness whilst chewing •Pain whilst chewing •Thickening/redness/tortured temporal artery •Headache •Malaise •Anorexia •Weight loss •Anaemia •Pyrexia •Polymyalgia rheumatica - The cause of polymyalgia rheumatica is unknown. It's more common in people over 70 and very rare in people under 50. Most people with polymyalgia rheumatica have very stiff muscles when they wake up. You may also feel tired or depressed and lose your appetite.The main treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica is STEROID tablets. These ease the symptoms by reducing the inflammation in your body. Temporal arteritis (also known as giant cell arteritis), is where the arteries in the head and neck become inflamed.
33
Trigeminal nerve controls what other three nerves in the face?
Ophthalmic zone Maxillary zone Mandibular zone
34
How to test the motor aspect of the trigemenal nerve ?
Ask the patient to clench their teeeth and open jaw with slight resistance
35
What does a positive babinskis reflex mean?
PLANTAR FLEXION- NORMAL RESPONSE DORSIFLEXION- ABNORMAL RESPONSE. This is a positive BABINSKI'S REFLEX AND INDICATES A DISTURBANCE IN THE MOTOR RESPONSE OF THE CNS, EXCEPT IN CHILDREN UNDER 2 FOR WHOM IT IS A NORMAL RESPONSE.m the test they conduct to babies to see if their little toes flex when they have a sharp object run from the bottom to the top
36
CNIV - i Innervate the superior oblique muscle What nerve am I ?
Trochlear nerve
37
CNVI - i Innervate the lateral rectus What nerve am i ?
The abducens
38
List an accronym you know that helps you remember all the cranial nerves and whether they’re are sensory, motor or both
Oh Olfactory Some: Sensory Oh Optic Say: Sensory Oh Ocul- Marry: Motor To Trochlear Money: Motor Touch Trigeminal But: Both And Abducens My: Motor Feel Facial: Brother Both Very Vestibulo- Says: Sensory Good Glosso— Big: Both Velvet vagus Brains: Both Ah Accessory Matters: Motor Heaven Hypoglos- Most: Motor
39
Hard question from Google but good to know: What happens if the lateral spinothalamic tract is damaged?
ipsilateral paralysis (inability to move), paresis (decreased motor strength), and hypertonia (increased tone)
40
Fun Q not from canvas (uni page) - from Google: What does damage to the anterior cingulate cortex do?
Attention deficit occurs as the inability to maintain attention when distractions are present
41
Hard question o from Google: so fun to know facts: What happens if the pyramidal tract is damaged?
What happens if the pyramidal tract is damaged?
42
Hard question o from Google: so fun to know facts: What happens if the pyramidal tract is damaged?
Pyramidal tract lesions will present very similarly to upper motor lesions with symptoms such as hyperreflexia, weakness, spasticity, and a Babinski sign. Damage to the corticobulbar tract can present with additional symptoms of lower facial weakness and changes to speech
43
What is occipital neuralgia ?
Distributive pain along the right occipital nerves
44
In regards to the a head what has a rapid onset ? This can include headaches but the answer is something that happens in “1% if headaches presenting to the Ed” - quoted directly from slides
Sub arachnoid haemorrhage
45
In regards to the a head what has a rapid onset ? This can include headaches but the answer is something that happens in “1% if headaches presenting to the Ed” - quoted directly from slides
Sub arachnoid haemorrhage
46
What is neoplastic headaches ?
Headache caused by a brain tumour Canvas (uni page) - knwn Hx to intracranial tumour, new onset headache requires review - consider possible rise to ICP (tumour growth, metastatic lesions, bleeding or hydrocephalus m What about undiagnosed tumours: - severe, constant progressive pain worsening on waking plus nausea and vomiting
47
Ways to realise the patient has environmental headaches?
Occurs at night Dissipates during the day Waking up with headaches
48
What headache is known to cause pain when they lean forward ?
Sinus headache
49
Revision card: Red flags of headaches History and physical signs
Hx:: Recent trauma New or worsening headaches Sudden onset with max intensity Triggered with exertion Prgnancy Fever Immunocomprimose Headache woke patient up from sleep Hx of any cranial surgery Physical Signs: Fever Head injury - vomiting Seizures focal neurological seizures Weakness Altered mental state Stiff neck Battle signs (bruising outside ears) Visible scalp / skull trauma
50
From the headache and neuro assessment slides: Which nerve supplies/ allows sensation of S1 and S2 from dermatones
Sacral lumber: s1 & 2
51
What cranial nerve is C1
Olfactory
52
What cranial nerve is CII and CIII
Optic and Oculmotor

Minor Injuries 🦴 (6 decks)

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