Neurological Flashcards
What are the components of a neurological examination?
Observation, Sensory, Myotomes, Reflexes, Proprioception
What sensory tests are included in a neurological examination?
Light touch, Sharp dull, Vibration
What is the grading scale for reflexes?
0: Absent, 1+: Diminished, 2+: Normal, 3+: Hyperactive without clonus, 4+: Hyperactive with clonus
What does a grade of 1+ indicate?
Diminished reflexes, expected in cervical radiculopathy (LMNL)
What does a grade of 3-4+ indicate?
Upper motor neuron lesion (myelopathy)
What are the upper limb myotomes and their functions?
C4: Shoulder shrug, C5: Abduction, C6: Elbow flexion + wrist extension, C7: Elbow extension, C8: Finger flexion + thumb extension, T1: Finger abduction and adduction
What is the purpose of motor assessment in a neurological exam?
To evaluate altered strength and function, observe for wasting, assess tone, and perform resisted isometric testing
What are the grades for resisted isometric testing?
0: No evidence of muscle contraction, 1: Evidence of slight muscle contraction, 2: Complete ROM with assistance, 3: Complete ROM against gravity, 4: Complete ROM against gravity with some resistance, 5: Complete ROM against gravity and full resistance
What are the components of lower limb neurological examination?
Observation, Sensory testing, Motor assessment, Coordination, Reflexes, Proprioception
What does the Babinski test indicate?
A positive sign indicates an upper motor neuron lesion (UMNL)
What are the lower limb myotomes and their functions?
L1/2: Hip flexion, L3/4: Knee extension, L4/5: Knee flexion and dorsiflexion, L5: Big toe extension, S1: Ankle plantarflexion
What tests are used for proprioception assessment?
Observing ability to detect position of distal interphalanges
What are the tests for lower limb neurological testing?
Straight leg raise, Slump test, Prone knee bend
