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Yr 1 - Nerves & Muscle > Neuroglia > Flashcards

Neuroglia Flashcards

1
Q

What are glial cells?

A

Non-neuronal cells that support nervous system

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2
Q

What are 4 main types of neuroglia in CNS?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependyma
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3
Q

What can glial cell dysfunction lead to?

A

Neurological disorders (schizophrenia, autism, neurodegeneration)

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4
Q

What is most common neuroglia in CNS?

A

Astrocytes

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5
Q

Structure of astrocytes?

A

Star-shaped branching

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6
Q

Structural function of astrocytes?

A

Support and brace neurones and anchor them to nutrient supply line

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7
Q

How are astrocytes involved in metabolism?

A

Provide neurones with nutrients (metabolic exchange between neurones and blood)

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8
Q

How are astrocytes involved in blood-brain barrier?

A

Restrict movement of substances from bloodstream

Form tight junctions between endothelial cells of capillaries

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9
Q

How are astrocytes involved in growth?

A

Promote neurone growth and synapse formation

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10
Q

How are astrocytes involved in K+ clearance?

A

Absorb K+ released from neurone at synapse

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11
Q

What is function of oligodendrocytes?

A

Myelinate axons (one does up to 50)

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12
Q

Where are oligodendrocytes most common?

A

In white matter

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13
Q

What is function of microglia?

A

Immune defence - become phagocytic

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14
Q

What is function of ependyma?

A
  1. Lining cells for ventricles and central spinal canal

2. Produce CSF - have cilia on luminal side

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15
Q

What is the blood brain barrier?

A

Exchange site for nutrients and waste

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16
Q

What are the 2 main types of neuroglia in PNS?

A
  1. Schwann cells

2. Satellite cells

17
Q

What are principal glia of PNS?

A

Schwann cells

18
Q

Function of Schwann cells?

A
  1. Produce myelin around nerve fibres in PNS

2. Phagocytic - clears cellular debris to allow regrowth of PNS

19
Q

What are satellite cells?

A

Small cells that surround neurones in sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia

20
Q

Function of satellite cells?

A
  1. Help regulate external chemical environment

2. Sensitive to injury and inflammation

Yr 1 - Nerves & Muscle (11 decks)

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