Neuroendocrine/Pituitary Lecture Flashcards
What is the hypothalamus’ role in the autonomic nervous system?
It’s huge!
It integrates informaiton for the control of the endocrine system and does so by controlling the pituitary gland
What are the two parts of the pituitary gland?
anterior part: adenohypophysis
posterior part: neurohypophysis
What connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus?
the median eminence
also called the infundibulum
What two hormeons are secreted by the posterior pituitary?
vasopressin
oxytocin
What neurons synthesize vasopressin and oxygotcin?
the magnocellular neurons of the supraotic and paraventricular nuclei
What is another name for vasopressin?
anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
What 3 things triggers vasopressin secretion?
increased blood osmolarity (so increase in solute)
decreased blood volume (hypovolemia)
hypotension
What is the effect of increased vasopressin secretion?
- increased water resorption by the kidney (dilutes blood and increases blood volume)
- vasoconstriction (increases blood pressure)
What are the stimui for oxytocin secretion?
suckling (nursing)
uterine stimulation by a fetus
What are the effects of oxytocin?
- causes constriciotn of tubules in the breast, causing milk ejection reflex in response to suckling
- Uterine contration to aid in delivery
What hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete? THere’s7….
- growth hormone
- prolactine
- thyroid-stimulating hormone
- follicle stimulatin ghormone
- lutenizing hormone
- adrenocorticotropic hormone
- beta-endorphin
What are the two somatomammotropins secreted by the anterior pituitary?
growth hormonea nd prolactin
What is the stimulus for growth hormone release and what is it’s main effect?
exercise, stress and sleep (80% released in sleep!)
growth ot tissue and metabolism
What is the stimuli for prolactin release and what is its effect?
suckling and stress
development of mammary tissue and lactation (milk production)
What do TSH, FSH, and LH have in common?
they are all glycoproteins with carbohydrate moieties
What is the stimulus for thyroid-stimulating hormone secreiton and what is its effect?
exposure to cold temperature
causes increased thyroid hormone secretion, leading to increased cellular metabolism and heat production
What is the effect of FSH in men and women?
men - spermatogenesis
women - development of ovarian follicle
What are the affects of lutenizing hormone on men and women?
men - REQUIRED for spermatogenesis, stimulates testosterone
women - the trigger for ovulation, stimulates projecterone from the spent follicle
What are the three hormones generated from cleavage of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)?
adrenocorticotropic hormone
beta-endorphin
melanocortin
what is the stimuli for both adrenocorticotropic hormone and beta-endorphin release?
stress
What is the effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
stimulates the release of cortisol form the adrenal cortex
What is the effect of beta-endorphin?
is acts as an analgesic on the mu opioid receptor
What test can be used to clinically assess anteiro rpituitary function?
do an insulin stress test
inject insulin, which will cuase blood glucose to go down. This is a stressful thing for the body, so you should see increased secretion of ACTH, Beta-endorphin, prolacting, and growht hormone
What neuorns synthesize the hypothalamic releasing hormones?
the parvocellular neurons