Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NEURO MODULE > Neuroembryology > Flashcards

Neuroembryology Flashcards

1
Q

neurulation

A

folding process that transforms the neural plate into the neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when does neurulation start? finish?

A

starts 3rd week

cranial end closes on day 25

caudal end closes on day 28

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ectoderm overlying the notochord thicken to form…

A

neural plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lateral edges of neural plate become…

A

neural folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cells from the apices of the neural fold separate from neural tube to form…

A

neural crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

neural folds meet in _______ and proceeds ________

A

occipital region

cranially AND caudally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what represents the site of closure for the cranial neuropore?

A

lamina terminalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

spina bifida occulta

A

vertebral arch defect only

tuft of hair over site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

spina bifida cystica

A

vertebral arch defect with herniation

-can either have meningocele or meningomyelocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

meningocele

A

meninges protrude through vertebral arch and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

meningomyelocele

A

meninges AND spinal tissue protrudes thorugh vertebral arch and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

rachischisis

A

neural folds fail to elevate or close forming a flattened mass of neural tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

three caudal neural tube defects

A

spina bifida occulta

spina bifida cystica

rachischisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 cranial neural tube defects

A

meningocele

meningocephalocele

meningohydrocephalocele

anencephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

meningocele (cranial)

A

meninges herniate through occipital bone defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

meningoencephalocele

A

meninges and brain tissue herniate through occipital bone defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

meningohydroencephalocele

A

meninges, brain and part of ventricular system herniate through an occipital bone defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

anencephaly

A

failure of anterior neuropore to close

-most of skill roof and/or brain is absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

neural crest gives rise to…

A

melanocytes

dorsal root ganglia

schwann/satellite cells

sympathetic/parasympathetic ganglia

medulla chromaffin cells

thyroid c cells

dentin

facial skeleton

20
Q

if neural crest cells dont migrate normally –>

A

facial deformities (clefts), congenital megacolon, or albinism

21
Q

neuroepithelium

A

composes the neural tube

-thick pseudostratified epithelium that are pluripotent stem cells

22
Q

neuroepithelium is pluripotent and gives rise to…

A

all the neurons and macroglia of the CNS

(neurons, oligocendrocytes, and astrocytes)

23
Q

neuroepithelium composes what zone?

A

ventricular zone

24
Q

neurogenesis

A

neurons are generated from neural stem cells and progenitor cell

-neuroepithelium –> neuroblasts which are postmitotic(cannot divide) –> aggregate in mantle zone which surrounds the ventricular zone

–they differentiate from round and apolar to bipolar/multipolar with axon and dendrocytes

25
Q

what composes mantle zone? ventricular zone?

which surrounds which?

A

m - neuroblasts

v- neuroepithelium

mantle surrounds ventricular

26
Q

what layer surrounds the mantle? what is it made of?

A

marginal zone

axons that sprout from the neuroblasts form this layer of white matter around the mantle

27
Q

when does neurogenesis finish?

A

6 months

exception: cerebellum cell proliferation continues throughout first postnatal year

28
Q

after neuroblast production is complete, neuroepithelial cells of ventricular zone give rise to …

A

glial precursors (glioblasts) that differentiate into the macroglia of the CNS

29
Q

after glioblasts are produced, the remaining reuroepithelial cells of the ventricular zone differentiate into…

A

ependymal cells that line the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain

30
Q

myelination

A

myelination begins in the 14th week/third trimester of fetal development, although little myelin exists in the brain at the time of birth –> continues post-natally

mostly done by 2nd year but can continue for two decades

**acquisition of developmental milestones correlates to myelination of specific tracts/paths

31
Q

most brain tumors arise from…?

why?

A

glial and meningeal cells

because most neurons are postmitotic so they cannot proliferate into tumors

32
Q

what two layers create the spinal cord

A

mantle and marginal zones

33
Q

mantle layer of spinal cord differentiates into …

A

alar and basal plates

34
Q

what marks the junction of alar and basal plates

A

sulcus limitans

35
Q

alar plates become –>

basal plates become –>

A

alar - doral horns (sensory neurons)

basal - ventral horns (motor neurons and preganglionic autonomic neurons)

36
Q

marginal zone of spinal cord becomes…

A

white matter of spinal cord which is external to the gray matter

37
Q

what marks the junction of the spinal cord and hind brain

A

cervical flexure

38
Q

what flexure is at midbrain?

A

cephalic flexure

39
Q

3 primary vesicles of brain

A

prosencephalon (forebrain)

mesencephalon(midbrain)

rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

40
Q

what flexure divides the rhombencephalon

A

pontine flexure

divides into myelencephalon and metencephalon

41
Q

5 secondary vesicles of brain

A

prosen–> telencephalon (rostral) and diencephalon (caudal)

mesen–> mesencephalon

rhomben–> metencephalon and myelencephalon

42
Q

what are the adult derivatives of…

  • telencephalon
  • diencephalon
  • mesencephalon
  • metencephalon
  • myelencephalon
A
  • cerebral hemispheres/lateral ventricles
  • thalami/hypothalamus and 3rd ventricle
  • midbrain/aqueduct
  • pons and cerebellum/upper part of 4th ventricle
  • medulla/lower part of 4th ventricle
43
Q

there are no ____ in the brainstem

A

sympathetic nuclei

44
Q

midline of cerebellum

A

vermis

45
Q

cerebellum growth

A

from metencephalon

rhombic lips meet at vermis –> cerebellum hemispheres ar elateral to vermis

later growth is in a dorsal direction –> very rapid growth of surface layers creates an extensive pattern of foliation

46
Q

what forms the olive and pontine nuclei

A

rhombic lips

47
Q

telencephalon development

A

expands as c shape

cortex lateral to the lentiforn nucleus is overgrown by parts of the adjacent frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes forming the insula

major commisures (anterior commisure and corpus callosum) appear in the region of lamina terminalis

anterior commisure maintains postion and CC grows in a hook shape

NEURO MODULE (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions