Neuroembryology

Question 1

Three main Germ Layers from top to bottom

Answer 1

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

Question 2

What is the solid cylinder of tissue that secretes factors that helps to guide the development of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

Notochord

Question 3

Of the three Germ Layers, which becomes the internal organs?

Answer 3

Endoderm

Question 4

Of the three Germ Layers, which gives rise to the nervous system and integumentary system (skin)?

Answer 4

Ectoderm

Question 5

What does the Mesoderm give rise to?

Answer 5

Musculoskeletal and Circulatory System

Question 6

What is the Neural Plate?

Answer 6

thickening of the ectoderm that joins to fold inward becoming the neural tube and crest

Question 7

What do the somites do?

Answer 7

Organize the body rostrocaudally

Question 8

The Neural Crest becomes the…

Answer 8

PNS

Question 9

The Neural Tube becomes the…

Answer 9

CNS

Question 10

The closing of the Neural Tube is called…

Answer 10

Convergence

Question 11

What becomes the cell bodies of the PNS and spinal ganglia?

Answer 11

Neural Crest Cells

Question 12

What does the notochord eventually become apart of?

Answer 12

Intervertebral disc

Question 13

The last thing to close during the joining of the neural folds?

Answer 13

Anterior and Posterior Neuropores

Question 14

When does Spina Bifida occur?

Answer 14

When caudal/posterior neuropore fails to fully close

Question 15

Most common symptom of Myelomeningocele Spina Bifida?

Answer 15

Paralyzation to some extent

Question 16

List Three Primary Vesicles that form once the anterior neuropore closes from above midbrain to below midbrain?

Answer 16

1. Prosencephelon
2. Mesencephalon
3. Phomencephalon

Question 17

What does the Rhombencephalon (hindbrain) divide into (secondary vesicles)? List what they give rise to.

Answer 17

1. Metencephalon (Pons & Cerebellum)
2. Myelencephalon (Medulla Oblongata)

Question 18

What are the Secondary Vesicles of the Prosencephalon? What do they give rise to?

Answer 18

1. Telecephalon (Cerebral Hemispheres)
2. Diencephalon (Thalamus & Hypothalamus)

Question 19

At what week of gestation does the two major flexures form?

Answer 19

Week 5

Question 20

The cerebral Hemispheres develop and grow posterolaterally to enclose the…

Answer 20

Diencephalon

Question 21

the failure of the causadas neuropore results in what defect?

Answer 21

Spina Bifida

Question 22

What is the Neuroembryology structure that gives rise to the adult intervertebral disc?

Answer 22

Notochord

Question 23

The neural crest cells migrate to form what?

Answer 23

PNS