Neuroembryology Flashcards
Structures of the prosencephalon (forebrain)
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Structures of the telencephalon
Cerebral hemispheres Cerebral cortex Subcortical white matter Basal ganglia Basal forebrain nuclei
Structures of the Diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Structures of the mesencephalon (midbrain)
Cerebral peduncles
Midbrain tectum
Midbrain tegmentum
Structures of the rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
Structures of the metencephalon
Pons
Cerebellum
Structures of the myelencephalon
Medulla
Structures of the spinal cord
Spinal cord
Stage 1 organization of the nervous system
Neurulation - formation of the neuro crest and tube
Stage 2 organization of the nervous system
Cell proliferation - within the neural tube
Stage 3 organization of the nervous system
Cell migration and aggregation in definitive locations
Stage 4 organization of the nervous system
Cell differentiation formation of axions, dendrites, and CNS
Stage 5 organization of the nervous system
Synaptogenesis - neurons connect via synapses to other neurons and muscles
What is Anencephaly, and what neuro stage does it occur?
Failure of anterior neuropore to close. Stage 1
What is Spina bifida, and what neuro stage does it occur?
Failure of posterior neuropore to close, no neuro involvement. Stage 1
What is Myelocele, and what neuro stage does it occur?
Failure of posterior neuropore to close, spinal cord protrusion and no skin over this area. Stage 1
What is Meningocele, and what neuro stage does it occur?
Failure of posterior neuropore to close, sac protruding without meninges. Stage 1
What is Myelomeningocele, and what neuro stage does it occur?
Failure of posterior neuropore to close, sac protruding with spinal cord and meninges. Stage 1
What atypical embryological CNS developments can occur in stage 3?
Dyslexia
Lissencephaly - smooth brain, lesser sulci and gyri
Low IQ
1st set of cranial nerve development?
CN’s for swallowing, gaging, sucking. Week 14
2nd set of cranial nerve development?
CN’s for vision: II, III, IV, and VI. Baby can discriminate light and dark. Week 25
3rd set of cranial nerve development?
CN for Audiation: CN VIII. Week 28
4th set of cranial nerve development?
CN for smell: CN I. Weeks 31-32
