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Neuro > Neuroembryology > Flashcards

Neuroembryology Flashcards

1
Q

Structures of the prosencephalon (forebrain)

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

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2
Q

Structures of the telencephalon

A 
Cerebral hemispheres
Cerebral cortex
Subcortical white matter
Basal ganglia 
Basal forebrain nuclei
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3
Q

Structures of the Diencephalon

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

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4
Q

Structures of the mesencephalon (midbrain)

A

Cerebral peduncles
Midbrain tectum
Midbrain tegmentum

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5
Q

Structures of the rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

A

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

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6
Q

Structures of the metencephalon

A

Pons

Cerebellum

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7
Q

Structures of the myelencephalon

A

Medulla

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8
Q

Structures of the spinal cord

A

Spinal cord

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9
Q

Stage 1 organization of the nervous system

A

Neurulation - formation of the neuro crest and tube

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10
Q

Stage 2 organization of the nervous system

A

Cell proliferation - within the neural tube

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11
Q

Stage 3 organization of the nervous system

A

Cell migration and aggregation in definitive locations

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12
Q

Stage 4 organization of the nervous system

A

Cell differentiation formation of axions, dendrites, and CNS

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13
Q

Stage 5 organization of the nervous system

A

Synaptogenesis - neurons connect via synapses to other neurons and muscles

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14
Q

What is Anencephaly, and what neuro stage does it occur?

A

Failure of anterior neuropore to close. Stage 1

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15
Q

What is Spina bifida, and what neuro stage does it occur?

A

Failure of posterior neuropore to close, no neuro involvement. Stage 1

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16
Q

What is Myelocele, and what neuro stage does it occur?

A

Failure of posterior neuropore to close, spinal cord protrusion and no skin over this area. Stage 1

17
Q

What is Meningocele, and what neuro stage does it occur?

A

Failure of posterior neuropore to close, sac protruding without meninges. Stage 1

18
Q

What is Myelomeningocele, and what neuro stage does it occur?

A

Failure of posterior neuropore to close, sac protruding with spinal cord and meninges. Stage 1

19
Q

What atypical embryological CNS developments can occur in stage 3?

A

Dyslexia
Lissencephaly - smooth brain, lesser sulci and gyri
Low IQ

20
Q

1st set of cranial nerve development?

A

CN’s for swallowing, gaging, sucking. Week 14

21
Q

2nd set of cranial nerve development?

A

CN’s for vision: II, III, IV, and VI. Baby can discriminate light and dark. Week 25

22
Q

3rd set of cranial nerve development?

A

CN for Audiation: CN VIII. Week 28

23
Q

4th set of cranial nerve development?

A

CN for smell: CN I. Weeks 31-32

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