Neurodevelopmental Disorders (Lec. 5) Flashcards
developmental psychopathology
determining what is abnormal at any point in the developmental process by comparing and contrasting it with normal and expected changes that occur
neurodevelopmental disorders
A group of conditions characterized by an early onset and persistent course that are believed to be the result of disruptions to normal brain development
Neurodevelopment disorders listed in DSM-V
- Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)
- Communication Disorders
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- ADD/ADHD
- Neurodevelopmental Motor Disorders
- Specific Learning Disorders
Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)
characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills; disability begins before age 18
Mild Intellectual Disability
- IQ: 50-70 –> majority of those with intellectual disability (85%)
- reach education level of about 6th grade and social adjustment level of adolescents
- can function as members of society and need minimal assisatance
Moderate Intellectual Disability
- IQ: 35-49 –> 10% of people with intellectual disability
- intellectual levels of 4-7 year old (2nd grade)
- poor motor coordination; obvious physical abnormalities
- can achieve partial independence
Severe Intellectual Disabiltiy
- IQ: 20-34 –> 3-4% of people with intellectual disability
- abnormal motor development
- speech impairment, sensory deficits, motor handicapped
- limited skills and depend on others; need close supervision
Profound Intellectual Disability
- IQ: below 20
- severely deficient in adaptive behavior
- unable to master living skills
- depend on care for their entire lives (constant supervision)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
characterized by persistent pattern of difficulties sustaining attention and/or impulsiveness and excessive or exaggerated motor activity
Autism spectrum disorder
neurodevelopmental disorder that involves a wide range of problematic behaviors including: deficits in language and perceptual and motor development, defective reality testing, impairments in social communication
Clinical picture in Autistic Spectrum Disorder (types of signs)
Social Deficit - no affection/contact with others
Absence of Speech - echolalia (repetition of few words)
Self-Stimulation - repetitive behaviors
Maintaining sameness - obsessed with one thing
Tic disorders
persistent, intermittent muscle twitch or spasm limited to localized muscle group
Tourette’s disorder
extreme tic disorder involving multiple motor and vocal patterns (especially uncontrollable head movements and accompanying sounds); a motor disorder under neurodevelopmental category in DSM - V
Habit Reversal Training (HRT)
behavioral intervention treatment for tics that involves sequential elements: awareness training, relaxation training, and development of incompatible responses, then progresses to cognitive therapy and modification of individual’s overall style of action.
