Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Question 1

Intellectual Developmental Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

Answer 1

• Onset during development
• Intellectual and adaptive deficits
• Deficits in intellectual functioning confirmed by both clinical assessment and individualized, standardized intelligence testing
• Deficits in adaptive functioning resulting in failure to meet developmental and social standards for independence and responsibility
• Adaptive deficits limit functioning in 1+ area of daily life- communication, social participation, independent living, across multiple environments home, school, work, community

Question 2

Specifies for ID

Answer 2

Mild
Moderate
Severe
Profound

Question 3

Differentials for ID

Answer 3

Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders
Communication Disorders
Specific Learning Disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorder

Question 4

Global Developmental Delay Diagnostic Criteria

Answer 4

• Under the age of 5, severity cannot be assessed
• Fails to meet developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning, unable to undergo assessment
• Requires reassessment after a period of time

Question 5

Unspecified Intellectual Disability

Answer 5

• Over the age of 5
• Assessment difficult or impossible because of sensory of physical impairments
• requires reassessment after period of time

Question 6

Included Disorders

Answer 6

Intellectual Disabilities 
Communication Disorders 
Autism Spectrum Disorders 
ADHD 
Specific Learning Disorder 
Motor Disorders
Tic Disorders

Question 7

Communication Disorders

Answer 7

Language Disorder
Speech Sound Disorder
Childhood Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
Unspecified Communication Disorder

Question 8

Language Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

Answer 8

-Difficulties in the acquisition and use of language across modalities (spoken, written, sign language etc.) comprehension or production including the following
>reduced vocabulary (knowledge and use)
>limited sentence structure
>impairments in discourse
-language abilities substantially below what’s expected for age, functional limitations in communication, social participation, academic achievement, occupational impairment
-onset in early developmental period
-not attributed to hearing or sensory impairment, motor dysfunction, or medical or neurological condition

Question 9

Language Disorder Differentials

Answer 9

-normal variations in language 
    >difficult to distinguish before 4
-hearing or other sensory impairment
-intellectual disability 
    >language delay presenting feature of ID
-neurological disorders 
-language regression 
    >loss of speech children younger 3 may indicate autism, or specific neurological disorder 
    >older than 3 may indicate seizures

Question 10

Speech Sound Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

Answer 10

• persistent difficulty with speech sound production, interfering with intelligibility of prevents verbal communication
• limitations in effective communication interfering with social participation, academic achievement, occupational performance
• onset in early developmental period
• not attributable to congenital, acquired conditions

Question 11

Speech Sound Disorder Differentials

Answer 11

-normal variations in speech- regional differences, dialects
-hearing or other sensory impairment
-structural deficits (cleft palate)
-Dysarthria
>may be motor disorder like cerebral palsy
>neurological signs, distinctive features of voice differentiate
-selective mutism
>may develop in kids with speech disorder because of embarrassment

Question 12

Childhood Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) Diagnostic Criteria

Answer 12

-disturbances in normal fluency and patterning of speech inappropriate for wage and language skills, frequent and marked occurrences of
>sound and syllable repetitions
>sound prolongation a of consonants and vowels
>broken words (pauses within words)
>audible or silent blocking
>circumlocutions (word substitutions to avoid problem words)
>words produced with excess physical tension
>monosyllabic whole word repetitions
-causes anxiety about speaking, limitations in effective communication, social participation, academic/occupational performance
-onset in early developmental period
-not attributed to speech-motor or sensory deficit, neurological insult

Question 13

Childhood Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) Differentials

Answer 13

Sensory deficits- hearing or motor
Normal speech dysfunctions- whole word or phrase repetitions, interjections, unveiled pauses etc.
medication side effects- temporal relationship exposure to medication
Adult onset dysfluencies- if onset during or after adolescence, adult onset and not neurodevelopmental
Tourette’s disorder- vocal tics and repetitive sounds distinguished by nature and timing

Question 14

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

Answer 14

-persistent difficulties in social use of verbal and nonverbal communication as manifested by all:
>deficits in using communication for social purposes, greeting and sharing information manner appropriate for social context
>impairment of ability to change communication to match context or needs of listener
>difficulties following rules for conversation and storytelling
>difficulties understanding what’s not explicitly stated, nonliteral or ambiguous meanings of language
-deficits result in functional limitations of effective communication, social participation, social relationships, academic achievement, occupational performance
-onset in early developmental period
-not attributable to another medical or neurological condition

Question 15

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder Differentials

Answer 15

-autism spectrum disorder
>primary consideration for communication issues
-ADHD
>can cause impairment in social communication and engagement
-social anxiety disorder (social phobia)
>timing of onset of symptoms- social pragmatic communication disorder individual never developed appropriate communication
>social anxiety- communication skills developed appropriately but not utilized because of anxiety, fear