Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Question 1

What is intellectual developmental disorder (intellectual disability)?

Answer 1

A disorder with onset during the developmental period that includes deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning in conceptual, social, and practical domains.

Question 2

What are the three criteria for diagnosing intellectual developmental disorder?

Answer 2

1. Deficits in intellectual functions (reasoning, problem-solving, etc.) confirmed by clinical assessment and standardized testing.
2. Deficits in adaptive functioning limiting independence and social responsibility across environments.
3. Onset during the developmental period.

Question 3

What intellectual functions are affected in intellectual developmental disorder?

Answer 3

Reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience.

Question 4

How are intellectual deficits confirmed in intellectual developmental disorder?

Answer 4

Through clinical assessment and individualized, standardized intelligence testing.

Question 5

What is adaptive functioning, and how is it affected in intellectual developmental disorder?

Answer 5

Adaptive functioning involves meeting developmental and sociocultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility. Deficits limit daily life activities like communication, social participation, and independent living across various settings.

Question 6

In what environments must adaptive deficits be observed to diagnose intellectual developmental disorder?

Answer 6

Across multiple environments, such as home, school, work, and community.

Question 7

At what stage of life do intellectual and adaptive deficits appear in intellectual developmental disorder?

Answer 7

During the developmental period.

Question 8

What are the essential diagnostic features of IDD?

Answer 8

Deficits in general mental abilities (Criterion A), impairment in adaptive functioning (Criterion B), and onset during the developmental period (Criterion C).

Question 9

How is IDD diagnosed?

Answer 9

Through clinical assessment and standardized testing of intellectual functions and adaptive functioning.

Question 10

What intellectual functions are affected in IDD?

Answer 10

Reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, learning, and practical understanding.

Question 11

What IQ score range is associated with IDD?

Answer 11

Scores approximately two standard deviations below the mean, typically 65–75 (70 ± 5).

Question 12

What factors can affect IQ test validity?

Answer 12

Practice effects, outdated test norms (“Flynn effect”), use of brief or group tests, and cultural or linguistic differences.

Question 13

What are the three domains of adaptive functioning in IDD?

Answer 13

Conceptual (academic), social, and practical domains.

Question 14

What does the conceptual domain include in IDD?

Answer 14

Memory, language, reading, writing, math, problem-solving, and judgment in novel situations.

Question 15

How is adaptive functioning assessed in IDD?

Answer 15

Through clinical evaluation and culturally appropriate standardized measures.

Question 16

What does Criterion C emphasize in IDD?

Answer 16

Deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning must manifest during childhood or adolescence.

Question 17

What early signs may indicate severe IDD?

Answer 17

Delayed motor, language, and social milestones within the first two years of life.

Question 18

What social difficulties are associated with IDD?

Answer 18

Poor social judgment, gullibility, and increased risk of exploitation or victimization.

Question 19

What behaviors may arise from communication deficits in IDD?

Answer 19

Disruptive or aggressive behaviors.

Question 20

What is the general population prevalence of IDD?

Answer 20

Approximately 10 per 1,000, with variations based on income levels and age.

Question 21

Is IDD progressive or lifelong?

Answer 21

It is generally lifelong but can be non-progressive; severity may change with interventions.

Question 22

What genetic disorders are associated with progressive worsening of IDD?

Answer 22

Rett syndrome and Sanfilippo syndrome, among others.

Question 23

What are prenatal risk factors for IDD?

Answer 23

Genetic syndromes, brain malformations, maternal disease, and environmental toxins.

Question 24

What postnatal factors may cause IDD?

Answer 24

Traumatic brain injury, infections, chronic social deprivation, and toxic exposures.

Question 25

How does culture influence the diagnosis of IDD?

Answer 25

Sociocultural background, environmental risks, and cultural beliefs must be considered.

Question 26

What is the male-to-female ratio for IDD diagnosis?

Answer 26

1.6:1 for mild IDD and 1.2:1 for severe IDD.

Question 27

What is the age range for diagnosing Global Developmental Delay (F88)?

Answer 27

Under 5 years old.

Question 28

When is Global Developmental Delay (F88) diagnosed?

Answer 28

When a child fails to meet expected developmental milestones in multiple areas of intellectual functioning and cannot reliably undergo systematic assessments, including standardized testing.

Question 29

Does Global Developmental Delay (F88) require reassessment?

Answer 29

Yes, it requires reassessment after a period of time.

Question 30

What is the age range for diagnosing Unspecified Intellectual Developmental Disorder (F79)?

Answer 30

Over 5 years old.

Question 31

When is Unspecified Intellectual Developmental Disorder (F79) used?

Answer 31

When assessing intellectual disability is difficult or impossible due to sensory/physical impairments, locomotor disability, severe problem behaviors, or co-occurring mental disorders.

Question 32

Should Unspecified Intellectual Developmental Disorder (F79) be commonly used?

Answer 32

No, it should only be used in exceptional circumstances.

Question 33

Does Unspecified Intellectual Developmental Disorder (F79) require reassessment?

Answer 33

Yes, reassessment is required after a period of time.