Neurodevelopmental disorders Flashcards
what are 3 neurodevelopmental disorders
intellectual disabilities
autism spectrum disorder
specific learning disorders
what are neurodevelopmental disorders
conditions that develop in the early stages of development
what is intellectual disabilities (ID)
deficits in intellectual functioning such as planning and reasoning or deficits in adaptive functioning such as communication
what is the IQ of someone who has ID
IQ<70
What is the prevalence of ID
1-5%
What are the prenatal causes
chromosomal - downsyndrome
genetic - fragile x
biomedical - bacterial meningitis
environmental - asphyixia
what are the post natal causes
biomedical - meningitis
environmental - head injury
psychosocial - child abuse
what is ASD
it impacts how individuals communicate learn and interact with each other
what are the differences in social interactions of someone who has ASD
not understanding or using gestures
inappropriate facial expressions for the context
echolalia
what are the restrictive interest and repetitive behaviors of someone who has ASD
interest in specific area
insistence on sameness
what are the biological factors for ASD
Gene - 88% concordence between MZ
brain - larger volume of brain comapred to others larger amygdala and hippocampus
what are the cognitive factors for ASD
no consistent findings but issues with executive functioning have been implicated
what is the theory of mind and how does it relate to ASD
the theory of mind is the ability to put oneself into anothers shoes and autistic have issues with doing this
what are the prenatal factors for ASD
limited evidence however the claims that mmr vaccine causes autism are debunked
what are specific learning disabilities (SLD)
impacts the persons ability to understand or use languages spoken or written
