NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS Flashcards

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1
Q

what are neurodevelopmental disorders?

A

Conditions that begin in childhood and have a major impact on social and cognitive functioning.

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2
Q

deficits associated with these disorders include

A

impairments in personal, social, academic or occupational functioning

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3
Q

What are intellectual disabilities?

A

individuals who have intellectual and adaptive deficits that first became evident when they were children

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4
Q

intellectual disabilities are characterized by deficits in

A

general mental abilities such as reasoning, problem-solving, judgment, ability to learn from experience, and learning in an academic context

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5
Q

Significantly below average intellectual functioning, indicated by an I Q of

A

70

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6
Q

In DSM-5, the levels of severity are based on what?

A

how well the individual is able to adapt in conceptual, social, and practical domains.

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7
Q

What is a significant cause of intellectual disabilities?

A

genetic abnormalities

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8
Q

Down syndrome

A

Form of intellectual disability caused most commonly when individuals inherit an extra copy of chromosome 21

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9
Q

Phenylketonuria (P K U)

A

Condition in which children are born missing an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase

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10
Q

Fragile X syndrome

A

genetic disorder caused by a change in the gene F M R1

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11
Q

Tay–Sachs disease

A

Inherited disease that produces deficits in intellectual functioning due to a lack of hexosaminidase A

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12
Q

what is the second category of cause of intellectual disabilities?

A

environmental hazards

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13
Q

What are Environmental hazards that mothers experience while pregnant

A

Teratogens.
Rubella.
Anoxia.
Premature birth, and brain injury during delivery.
Fetal alcohol syndrome

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14
Q

What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

A

A set of abnormalities in facial appearance, slower than average growth patterns, and nervous system delays that result in intellectual deficits

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15
Q

children with FAS experienced reduced brain volume and?

A

malformations of the corpus callosum

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16
Q

what is the prevalence for FAS

A

30 of every 1,000 births

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17
Q

Autism spectrum disorder

A

A neurodevelopmental disorder involving impairments in the domains of social communication and performance of restricted, repetitive behaviors

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18
Q

treatment of intellectual disabilities

A

Mainstreaming.
Behavioral interventions involving family.
Prevention of physically related disorders.

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19
Q

for autism children are evaluated along what two domains

A

Social and communication disturbances.
Restricted range of interests and performance of repetitive behaviors and activities.

20
Q

echolalia

A

repetition of same sound

21
Q

theories of autism

A

Chromosomal abnormalities.
Structural brain abnormalities.
Functional brain abnormalities.

22
Q

Rett syndrome

A

Deceleration of head growth and some of the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.

23
Q

Normal development occurs in a child early in life until what age and then neurological and cognitive impairments develop.

A

up to age 4

24
Q

is rett syndrome more common in boys or girls

A

girls

25
Q

high functioning autism

A

Less severe and more focused impairments.
Difficulty reading the social cues of others.
Tend to become preoccupied with a narrow set of interests.
More likely to try to make friends

26
Q

high functioning autism used to be known as what

A

aspergers

27
Q

children with specific learning disorders experience what?

A

delay or deficit in their ability to acquire a basic academic skill

28
Q

children with specific learning disorders experience what?

A

delay or deficit in their ability to acquire a basic academic skill

29
Q

Specific learning disorder with impairment in reading (dyslexia)

A

individual omits, distorts, or substitutes words when reading, and reads in a slow, halting fashion

30
Q

Specific learning disorder with impairment in written expression

A

individual’s writing is characterized by poor spelling, grammatical or punctuation errors, and disorganization of paragraphs

31
Q

Dyscalculia

A

Pattern of difficulties in number sense, ability to learn arithmetic facts, and calculations

32
Q

Dyscalculia

A

Pattern of difficulties in number sense, ability to learn arithmetic facts, and calculations

33
Q

Specific learning disorder with impairment in mathematics

A

individual has difficulty with tasks and concepts involving numbers and numerical reasoning

34
Q

children with language disorders dont have the ability to what?

A

express themselves in ways appropriate to their age and developmental level

35
Q

communication disorder

A

Conditions involving impairment in language, speech, and communication

36
Q

ADD/ ADHD

A

A neurodevelopmental disorder involving a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity

37
Q

children with ADHD may have what type of grades?

A

lower

38
Q

children with ADHD experience

A

repeated discipline problems, and placement in special education classes

39
Q

children with ADHD are more likely to develope

A

substance use disorders as they reach early adulthood

40
Q

what is the primary form of motor disorders?

A

developmental coordination disorder

41
Q

children with coordination disorder experience?

A

marked impairment in their abilities to coordinate the movements of their hands and feet

42
Q

Tic disorder

A

A tic is a rapid, recurring involuntary movement or vocalization

43
Q

Motor tics include

A

eye blinking, facial twitches, and shoulder shrugging

44
Q

Vocal tics include

A

coughing, grunting, snorting, coprolalia (the uttering of obscenities), and tongue clicking

45
Q

Tourette’s disorder

A

most well known of the tic disorders, affecting approximately 1% of children

46
Q

children with stereotypic movement disorder engage in

A

repetitive, seemingly driven nonfunctional behaviors