NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS

Question 1

what are neurodevelopmental disorders?

Answer 1

Conditions that begin in childhood and have a major impact on social and cognitive functioning.

Question 2

deficits associated with these disorders include

Answer 2

impairments in personal, social, academic or occupational functioning

Question 3

What are intellectual disabilities?

Answer 3

individuals who have intellectual and adaptive deficits that first became evident when they were children

Question 4

intellectual disabilities are characterized by deficits in

Answer 4

general mental abilities such as reasoning, problem-solving, judgment, ability to learn from experience, and learning in an academic context

Question 5

Significantly below average intellectual functioning, indicated by an I Q of

Answer 5

70

Question 6

In DSM-5, the levels of severity are based on what?

Answer 6

how well the individual is able to adapt in conceptual, social, and practical domains.

Question 7

What is a significant cause of intellectual disabilities?

Answer 7

genetic abnormalities

Question 8

Down syndrome

Answer 8

Form of intellectual disability caused most commonly when individuals inherit an extra copy of chromosome 21

Question 9

Phenylketonuria (P K U)

Answer 9

Condition in which children are born missing an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase

Question 10

Fragile X syndrome

Answer 10

genetic disorder caused by a change in the gene F M R1

Question 11

Tay–Sachs disease

Answer 11

Inherited disease that produces deficits in intellectual functioning due to a lack of hexosaminidase A

Question 12

what is the second category of cause of intellectual disabilities?

Answer 12

environmental hazards

Question 13

What are Environmental hazards that mothers experience while pregnant

Answer 13

Teratogens.
Rubella.
Anoxia.
Premature birth, and brain injury during delivery.
Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 14

What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Answer 14

A set of abnormalities in facial appearance, slower than average growth patterns, and nervous system delays that result in intellectual deficits

Question 15

children with FAS experienced reduced brain volume and?

Answer 15

malformations of the corpus callosum

Question 16

what is the prevalence for FAS

Answer 16

30 of every 1,000 births

Question 17

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 17

A neurodevelopmental disorder involving impairments in the domains of social communication and performance of restricted, repetitive behaviors

Question 18

treatment of intellectual disabilities

Answer 18

Mainstreaming.
Behavioral interventions involving family.
Prevention of physically related disorders.

Question 19

for autism children are evaluated along what two domains

Answer 19

Social and communication disturbances.
Restricted range of interests and performance of repetitive behaviors and activities.

Question 20

echolalia

Answer 20

repetition of same sound

Question 21

theories of autism

Answer 21

Chromosomal abnormalities.
Structural brain abnormalities.
Functional brain abnormalities.

Question 22

Rett syndrome

Answer 22

Deceleration of head growth and some of the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.

Question 23

Normal development occurs in a child early in life until what age and then neurological and cognitive impairments develop.

Answer 23

up to age 4

Question 24

is rett syndrome more common in boys or girls

Answer 24

girls

Question 25

high functioning autism

Answer 25

Less severe and more focused impairments. Difficulty reading the social cues of others. Tend to become preoccupied with a narrow set of interests. More likely to try to make friends

Question 26

high functioning autism used to be known as what

Answer 26

aspergers

Question 27

children with specific learning disorders experience what?

Answer 27

delay or deficit in their ability to acquire a basic academic skill

Question 28

children with specific learning disorders experience what?

Answer 28

delay or deficit in their ability to acquire a basic academic skill

Question 29

Specific learning disorder with impairment in reading (dyslexia)

Answer 29

individual omits, distorts, or substitutes words when reading, and reads in a slow, halting fashion

Question 30

Specific learning disorder with impairment in written expression

Answer 30

individual’s writing is characterized by poor spelling, grammatical or punctuation errors, and disorganization of paragraphs

Question 31

Dyscalculia

Answer 31

Pattern of difficulties in number sense, ability to learn arithmetic facts, and calculations

Question 32

Dyscalculia

Answer 32

Pattern of difficulties in number sense, ability to learn arithmetic facts, and calculations

Question 33

Specific learning disorder with impairment in mathematics

Answer 33

individual has difficulty with tasks and concepts involving numbers and numerical reasoning

Question 34

children with language disorders dont have the ability to what?

Answer 34

express themselves in ways appropriate to their age and developmental level

Question 35

communication disorder

Answer 35

Conditions involving impairment in language, speech, and communication

Question 36

ADD/ ADHD

Answer 36

A neurodevelopmental disorder involving a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity

Question 37

children with ADHD may have what type of grades?

Answer 37

lower

Question 38

children with ADHD experience

Answer 38

repeated discipline problems, and placement in special education classes

Question 39

children with ADHD are more likely to develope

Answer 39

substance use disorders as they reach early adulthood

Question 40

what is the primary form of motor disorders?

Answer 40

developmental coordination disorder

Question 41

children with coordination disorder experience?

Answer 41

marked impairment in their abilities to coordinate the movements of their hands and feet

Question 42

Tic disorder

Answer 42

A tic is a rapid, recurring involuntary movement or vocalization

Question 43

Motor tics include

Answer 43

eye blinking, facial twitches, and shoulder shrugging

Question 44

Vocal tics include

Answer 44

coughing, grunting, snorting, coprolalia (the uttering of obscenities), and tongue clicking

Question 45

Tourette’s disorder

Answer 45

most well known of the tic disorders, affecting approximately 1% of children

Question 46

children with stereotypic movement disorder engage in

Answer 46

repetitive, seemingly driven nonfunctional behaviors