NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS Flashcards
what are neurodevelopmental disorders?
Conditions that begin in childhood and have a major impact on social and cognitive functioning.
deficits associated with these disorders include
impairments in personal, social, academic or occupational functioning
What are intellectual disabilities?
individuals who have intellectual and adaptive deficits that first became evident when they were children
intellectual disabilities are characterized by deficits in
general mental abilities such as reasoning, problem-solving, judgment, ability to learn from experience, and learning in an academic context
Significantly below average intellectual functioning, indicated by an I Q of
70
In DSM-5, the levels of severity are based on what?
how well the individual is able to adapt in conceptual, social, and practical domains.
What is a significant cause of intellectual disabilities?
genetic abnormalities
Down syndrome
Form of intellectual disability caused most commonly when individuals inherit an extra copy of chromosome 21
Phenylketonuria (P K U)
Condition in which children are born missing an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase
Fragile X syndrome
genetic disorder caused by a change in the gene F M R1
Tay–Sachs disease
Inherited disease that produces deficits in intellectual functioning due to a lack of hexosaminidase A
what is the second category of cause of intellectual disabilities?
environmental hazards
What are Environmental hazards that mothers experience while pregnant
Teratogens.
Rubella.
Anoxia.
Premature birth, and brain injury during delivery.
Fetal alcohol syndrome
What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
A set of abnormalities in facial appearance, slower than average growth patterns, and nervous system delays that result in intellectual deficits
children with FAS experienced reduced brain volume and?
malformations of the corpus callosum
what is the prevalence for FAS
30 of every 1,000 births
Autism spectrum disorder
A neurodevelopmental disorder involving impairments in the domains of social communication and performance of restricted, repetitive behaviors
treatment of intellectual disabilities
Mainstreaming.
Behavioral interventions involving family.
Prevention of physically related disorders.